Journal club

Question 1

T/F. The origin of focal seizures is limited to a single hemisphere of the brain. (Chawner 2023)

Answer 1

True.

Question 2

Common manifestations of focal seizures include: a) head, facial or limb twitches, b) constricted pupils, c) urination/defecation, d) all of the above. (Chawner 2023)

Answer 2

a) Twitches. Also hypersalivation and dilated pupils.

Question 3

T/F. In people, absence epilepsy manifests unilateral synchronous 3-5 Hz spike-wave. (Chawner 2023)

Answer 3

False. Bilateral.

Question 4

Is awareness affected during focal seizures? (Chawner 2023)

Answer 4

Variable to no impairment is possible.

Question 5

What are the definitive-intent radiotherapy options for intracranial neoplasms? (Strasberg 2024)

Answer 5

Conventionally fractionated RT (CFRT), stereotactic RT (SRT), and stereotactic radio surgery (SRS).

Question 6

How long after RT we can see RT-induced neurotoxicity due to demyelination? (Strasberg 2024)

Answer 6

Up to about 5 months after RT.

Question 7

T/F. For many dogs, lengthy courses of PO prednisone are avoidable after intracranial RT. (Strasberg 2024)

Answer 7

True. 84% of dogs were completely tapered off prednisone over a mean time of 41 days.

Question 8

T/F. The rapid-tapering protocol of steroids after RT is safe but the overall survival time is shorter than with slow-taper. (Strasberg 2024)

Answer 8

False. Overall survival time was similar for the 2 groups.

Question 9

Clinically, neurological conditions causing anisocoria include (Danciu 2024):
a) Horner syndrome
b) Idiopathic optic neuropathy
c) Pourtour du petit syndrome
d) All of the above.

Answer 9

A. Also, idiopathic OCULOMOTOR neuropathy, PourFour du petit, and asymmetrical midbrain lesions.

Question 10

What structure in the midbrain can cause anisocoria if asymmetrically affected? (Danciu 2024)

Answer 10

Nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (parasympathetic).

Question 11

What is the cerebellar artery most commonly affected with cerebrovascular ischemic infarcts? (Danciu 2024)

Answer 11

Rostral cerebellar artery.

Question 12

T/F. Ischemic infarcts affecting the interposital nucleus may cause reversible mydriasis in dogs. (Danciu 2024)

Answer 12

True. Ipsilateral.

Question 13

What are the 2 nerves that form the sciatic nerve?

Answer 13

Tibial and common peroneal nerves.

Question 14

T/F. Axonotmesis is characterized by transection of axons and perineurial connective tissue. (Dell’Apa 2024)

Answer 14

False. That is neurotmesis.

Question 15

The 3 types of nerve injury are: neurotmesis, …, …

Answer 15

Axonotmesis and neurapraxia.

Question 16

Which one of the 3 types of nerve injury are associated with a worse prognosis?

Answer 16

Neurotmesis.

Question 17

What is the second most common cause of sciatic nerve injury? (Dell’Apa 2024)

Answer 17

Complications from orthopedic surgery.

Question 18

T/F. In neurapraxia, there should be no axonal damage and no signs of denervation. (Dell’Apa 2024).

Answer 18

True, especially several days after the injury.

Question 19

What is the age over which performing thoracic rads may be of clinical importance in dogs with acute T3-L3 myelopathy? (Dell’Apa 2024)

Answer 19

12 years.

Question 20

T/F. The lack of tympanic membrane alterations cannot exclude a diagnosis of OM.
(Deleporte 2024)

Answer 20

True. Sensitivity of otoendoscopy is mild.

Question 21

T/F. Within the inner ear, the medial compartment is not accessible in cats.

Question 22

T/F

In some studies, a negative correlation was identified between midline shift and survival time in dogs.

Guy, 2024

Answer 22

Correct.

Suñol: surgical resection of meningiomas.
Beltrán: dogs with brain trauma.

Question 23

Dogs with midline shift secondary to structural brain disease on brain MRI had a _ _ _ _ _ survival time than dogs without midline shit, regardless of diagnosis.

Guy, 2024

Answer 23

Shorter.

This conclusion is most relevant for dogs diagnosed with neoplastic and inflammatory disease.

Question 24

Dogs presenting with acute onset paraplegia with _ _ _ _ of deep pain sensation and a T2 length RATIO greater than _ are more likely to develop PMM.

Nakamoto 2024

Answer 24

Loss. Six.

T2 length ratio: length of the hyperintense intramedullary area obtained by T2W MRI, measured and compared with the length of the lumbar 2 vertebral body.

Question 25

There is a study that provides evidence that

the use of extensive hemilaminectomy and durotomy IS / IS NOT associated with increased survival rate compared with dogs that undergo HL alone.

Nakamoto, 2024

Answer 25

It is.

Question 26

Where in the nervous system is the highest virus load in Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection?

Carossino 2024

Answer 26

Brainstem and thalamus.

These areas are critical for diagnostic sampling.