Convection-enhanced delivery trial

Question 1

Name the 3 types of neuroglial cells

Answer 1

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia

A and O derived from neurectoderm; microglia are mesodermal in origin.

Question 2

_____ are the macrophages of the CNS.

Answer 2

Microglia.

Comprise 10-20% of all neuroglia. They act as first line of defense against tissue injury or infection.

Question 3

____ cells cover the ventricles and central canal of the CNS.

Answer 3

Ependymal cells.

Modified ependymal cells also line the choroid plexus as the choroid epithelial cells.

Question 4

Oligodendrocytes have numerous cell processes that entend to adjacent axons to form _ _ _ _ sheaths.

Answer 4

Myelin.

O myelinate axons to speed conduction velocity. Schwann cells do the same in the PNS.

Question 5

Which cell type does represent approximately 50% of the glial cell population in the CNS?

Answer 5

Astrocytes.

Their perivascular end feet contributes to the maintenance of the BBB.

Question 6

T/F

Non-dose limiting intraoperative systemic hypotension was the only adverse event possibly attributed to the cytotoxin infusion.

Answer 6

False. Hypertension.

It may be a nonspecific response to brain infusions in dogs.

Question 7

T/F

IL-6 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, as IL-10 is.

Answer 7

False. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by tumor cells and can suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Question 8

T/F

IL-10 and IL-8 have similar functions: they promote glioma cellular proliferation, motility, and invasion.

Answer 8

True.

IL-8 also promotes tumor angiogenesis and endothelial permeability.

Question 9

The cytotoxins are simultaneously targeting 4 tumor-associated receptors: name 2.

Answer 9

IL13RA2 and EPHA2.

Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2
Ephrin type A receptor 2

Also, EPHA3 and EPHB2.

Question 10

T/F

Dogs with spontaneous glioma are predictive translational models of human disease.

Answer 10

True!

Question 11

Cytotoxins were well tolerated at doses up to X-fold higher than previously given to humans.

Answer 11

Six (6) - fold.

Question 12

A single cytotoxin treatment produced ≥ XX % tumor volumetric reduction in 50% of dogs.

Answer 12

65%!

Question 13

Closed brain biopsy is contraindicated in patients with ….. and …. ….. …..

Answer 13

Coagulopathies and increased intracranial pressure.

Approached with caution if increased IP.

Question 14

What preoperative tests are recommended prior to SBBfb?
a) CBC-CHEM
b) Urinalysis and direct blood pressure
c) Abdominal ultrasound
d) Coagulation profile

Select as many as needed

Answer 14

a) and d)

+ urinalysis and INDIRECT blood pressure