Jordans Notes 2

Question 1

What does detergent do in a lysis buffer?

Answer 1

Breaks apart membranes by attaching to lipids

Question 2

How to calibrate a molecular clock?

Answer 2

Geological events
Fossils

Question 3

What is a group that includes an ancestor and a descendants?

Answer 3

Monophyletic or Clade

Question 4

When a species branches into two different species on a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 4

Bifurcation
bifurcating

Question 5

Two convergent descendants but no common ancestor?

Answer 5

Polyphyletic

Question 6

What is a homologous trait also called in phylogeny?

Answer 6

Synapomorphies

Question 7

What are analagous traits formed through convergent evolution called?

Answer 7

Homoplasy

Question 8

What is a solution?

Answer 8

A liquid mixture where on substance is dissolved in another

Question 9

What is a solid substance that is not dissolved in a solution?

Answer 9

A precipitate

Question 10

What does a lysis buffer contain?

Answer 10

1. Detergent (binds to lipids, breaking apart cell membranes)
2. Proteinase enzymes (denatures nucleases)
3. Chaotropic salts (creates a hydrophobic environment and destabilises hydrogen bonds (denaturing proteins))

Question 11

What causes DNA to bind to silica membrane during DNA extraction?

Answer 11

The hydrophobic environment caused by chaotropic salts
-Forms a salt bridge