Jordans Notes 1

Question 1

What is the mitochondrial control region used for?

Answer 1

Testing maternal ancestry
non-coding region of DNA
-regular mutation rate
*also called the D-loop

Question 2

Which nucleotide bond is weaker? and why?

Answer 2

T-A bond is weaker because it is only a double hydrogen bond between them
*C-G has a triple hydrogen bond

Question 3

What is a specific point on a strand of DNA?

Answer 3

Locus

Question 4

What is an exon?

Answer 4

The portion of transcribed mRNA that is expressed
-Introns are spliced out

Question 5

What is alternative splicing

Answer 5

the final mRNA molecule used for translation using different combinations of exons

Question 6

What is the most widely used gene for distinguishing animal species?

Answer 6

The mitochondrial CO1 gene

Question 7

What are purines?

Answer 7

Double ringed nitrogenous bases
-examples: Adenine and Guanine (double ringed AG)

Question 8

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 8

Single ringed nitrogenous bases
Cytosine and Thymine

Question 9

What does proteinase do in the lysis buffer?

Answer 9

breaks down and inactivates nucleases

Question 10

What must be done to DNA before it can be used for further application?

Answer 10

It must be purified
- remove proteins, nucleases, any impurities and potential PCR inhibitors and primer dimers
- more stable -> doesn’t degrade as fast

Question 11

If you can’t show a bifurcation, what does a branch of more than 2 branches get called?

Answer 11

Polytomy
More detail:
First photo: Not real, just the best guess with the knowledge we know
Zoom in enough and you’ll see bifurcation