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Systemic Path > Jordan's study guide- liver and pancreas > Flashcards

Jordan's study guide- liver and pancreas Flashcards

1
Q
A

Normal liver

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2
Q

Liver functions (7)

A
  • bile production and excretion
  • excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, drugs
  • Metabolisim of fats, proteins, and carbs
  • Enzyme activation
  • storage of glycogen, vit, and minerals
  • synthesis of plasma proteins and clotting factors
  • blood detox and purification
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3
Q

Purpose of acinus

A

bile secreting unit

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4
Q

Where are the acinus located

A

zones 1,2, and 3

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5
Q

Purpose of lobule

A

Blood filtering unit

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6
Q

Where are the lobules located

A

periportal, mid-zonal, centralobular

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7
Q

What zone has the lowest oxygen content

A

Zone 3

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8
Q

What area is affected by hypoxia first

A

Centralobular hepatocytes in zone 3

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9
Q

some signs of liver disease

A

Anorexia

vomiting

diarrhea

weight loss

fever

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10
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

Increased production

A

Hemolysis

Congenital defect in bilirubin conjugation

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11
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia-decreased production

A

Hepatic dysfucntion

cholestasis

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12
Q

3 causes of extrahepatic cholestasis

A
  • cystic mucosal hyperlasia of the gal bladder
  • mucocele of gal bladder
  • cysts
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13
Q

What is an incidental finding of extrahepatic cholestasis

A

Cystic mucosal hyperplasia of the gal bladder

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14
Q

Cause of extrahepatic cholestasis

Expand and replace normal tissue

Lined by epithelial cells

PKD1 mutation

A

Biliary cystic adenoma

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15
Q

This is caused by chronic passive congestion

-nutmeg liver

A

Hepatic fibrosis

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16
Q

What causes heptic fibrosis

A

Anything that causes blood to back up into the liver

  • right sided heart failure
  • vena cava blockage by pheochromocytoma
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17
Q

This occurs when both hepatic and portal veins are blocked

A

Infarction

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18
Q

Why is infarction rare

A

Liver has a dual blood supply

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19
Q

What are the two types of portosystemic shunts

A

Intrahepatic

Extrahepatic

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20
Q

A large dog comes in with depression, anorexia, vomiting, CNS signs, decreased BUN, and elevated ammonia.

A

Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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21
Q

Characteristics of extrahepatic shunt

A
  • small dog
  • portal vein to azygous
  • portal vein to vena cava
  • gastric vein to vena cava (cats)
  • Atresia of the portal vein
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22
Q

Characteristics of portosystemic shunts

A
  • Chronic hepatic injury with diffuse fibrosis
  • causes portal hypertension
  • blood bypasses the liver
  • ascites
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23
Q

Ascites

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure

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24
Q

Amyloidosis

A
  • caused by chronic inflammation
  • sinuses fill with amyloid
  • liver becomes weak
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25
Causes of microhepatica
Portosystemic shunts Chronic hepatitis congenital
26
Causes of hepatomegly
acute hepatits amyloidosis cancer
27
Blood filled cysts incidental finding
Telangiectaia
28
Common finding from steroid administration mid-zonal accumulation of glycogen Does not cause liver disease
Steroid hepatopathy
29
Disease common in ruminates and pigs Usually insignificant
Capsular fibrosis
30
Physiologic cause of lipidosis
Late pregnancy Lactation
31
Pathologic causes of lipidosis
Increased synthesis, lipolysis, or uptake of FFAs Decrease FA oxidation, apoprotien synthesis or excretion
32
How do you know if a liver is fatty
Put it in water
33
an obease (or anorexic) icteric cat with hepatic failure/encephalopathy with a history of other disease
Feline fatty liver syndrome
34
fibrosis and nodular regernation of the liver
Cirrhosis
35
Causes of cirrhosis
Copper toxicosis, PA toxins, aflotoxins, anti-convulsants, chronic pasive congestion
36
an incidental hepatopthy tesnion from diaphram common in ruminates
Tension lipidosis not pathologic
37
Incidental finding
Gas pockets formed by bacteria post-mortem decomposition
38
hepatic infection from the gut
Cholaniohepatitis
39
What causes this
hepatic abscesses secondary to rumen ulceration
40
What causes this
ascending infection from umbilical chord
41
What causes this hepatic infection
leptospirosis
42
What causes this infection in cats
Feline infectious peritonitis
43
What causes this hepatic infection that infects the endothelial cells causing vasculitis in dogs
Canine infectous hepatitis/adenovirus type 1
44
Benign cancer of hepatocytes
Hepatic adenoma hepatoma
45
Benign hepatic cancer of bile ducts
Biliary adenoma
46
Benign hepatic cancer of endothelia cells
hemangioma
47
Malignant cancer of hepatocytes
Hepatocellular carcinoma woodchucks have a virus that causes this
48
Malignant cancer of bile ducts
Biliary carcinoma cholangiocarcinoma
49
Malignant cancer of endothelial cells
Hemangiosarcoma
50
How do you tell the difference between hemangioscarc and melanoma met
Blot on paper Red=hemangiosarc Black= melanoma met
51
Difference between sarcomas and carcinomas
Sarcomas spread through a tissue Carcinomas met everywhere
52
Intrinsic toxins
Produce consisten hepatotoxicity
53
What are examples of intrinsic toxins
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Aflotoxins
54
Idiosyncratic toxins
Produce sporadic toxicisty
55
What are examples of idiosyncratic toxins
NSAID anesthetics anticonvulsants
56
Causes biilary hyperplasia and portal fibrosis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity
57
a bedlington terrier come in with this liver
Cholestasis secondary to biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis
58
Very little exocrine pancrease tissue
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
59
Pancreatic enzymes break down the pancrease and release into the abdomen
Acute pancreatitis
60
Benign pancreatic neoplasia
Pancreatic adenoma
61
Malignant neoplasia that loves to metastasize to nearby tissues
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
62
Incidental finding in older animals in the pancreas
Nodular hyperplasia of the pancreas

Systemic Path (6 decks)

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