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Systemic Path > Jordan's study guide- liver and pancreas > Flashcards

Jordan's study guide- liver and pancreas Flashcards

1
Q
A

Normal liver

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2
Q

Liver functions (7)

A
  • bile production and excretion
  • excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, drugs
  • Metabolisim of fats, proteins, and carbs
  • Enzyme activation
  • storage of glycogen, vit, and minerals
  • synthesis of plasma proteins and clotting factors
  • blood detox and purification
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3
Q

Purpose of acinus

A

bile secreting unit

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4
Q

Where are the acinus located

A

zones 1,2, and 3

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5
Q

Purpose of lobule

A

Blood filtering unit

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6
Q

Where are the lobules located

A

periportal, mid-zonal, centralobular

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7
Q

What zone has the lowest oxygen content

A

Zone 3

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8
Q

What area is affected by hypoxia first

A

Centralobular hepatocytes in zone 3

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9
Q

some signs of liver disease

A

Anorexia

vomiting

diarrhea

weight loss

fever

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10
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

Increased production

A

Hemolysis

Congenital defect in bilirubin conjugation

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11
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia-decreased production

A

Hepatic dysfucntion

cholestasis

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12
Q

3 causes of extrahepatic cholestasis

A
  • cystic mucosal hyperlasia of the gal bladder
  • mucocele of gal bladder
  • cysts
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13
Q

What is an incidental finding of extrahepatic cholestasis

A

Cystic mucosal hyperplasia of the gal bladder

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14
Q

Cause of extrahepatic cholestasis

Expand and replace normal tissue

Lined by epithelial cells

PKD1 mutation

A

Biliary cystic adenoma

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15
Q

This is caused by chronic passive congestion

-nutmeg liver

A

Hepatic fibrosis

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16
Q

What causes heptic fibrosis

A

Anything that causes blood to back up into the liver

  • right sided heart failure
  • vena cava blockage by pheochromocytoma
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17
Q

This occurs when both hepatic and portal veins are blocked

A

Infarction

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18
Q

Why is infarction rare

A

Liver has a dual blood supply

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19
Q

What are the two types of portosystemic shunts

A

Intrahepatic

Extrahepatic

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20
Q

A large dog comes in with depression, anorexia, vomiting, CNS signs, decreased BUN, and elevated ammonia.

A

Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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21
Q

Characteristics of extrahepatic shunt

A
  • small dog
  • portal vein to azygous
  • portal vein to vena cava
  • gastric vein to vena cava (cats)
  • Atresia of the portal vein
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22
Q

Characteristics of portosystemic shunts

A
  • Chronic hepatic injury with diffuse fibrosis
  • causes portal hypertension
  • blood bypasses the liver
  • ascites
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23
Q

Ascites

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure

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24
Q

Amyloidosis

A
  • caused by chronic inflammation
  • sinuses fill with amyloid
  • liver becomes weak
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25
Q

Causes of microhepatica

A

Portosystemic shunts

Chronic hepatitis

congenital

26
Q

Causes of hepatomegly

A

acute hepatits

amyloidosis

cancer

27
Q

Blood filled cysts

incidental finding

A

Telangiectaia

28
Q

Common finding from steroid administration

mid-zonal accumulation of glycogen

Does not cause liver disease

A

Steroid hepatopathy

29
Q

Disease common in ruminates and pigs

Usually insignificant

A

Capsular fibrosis

30
Q

Physiologic cause of lipidosis

A

Late pregnancy

Lactation

31
Q

Pathologic causes of lipidosis

A

Increased synthesis, lipolysis, or uptake of FFAs

Decrease FA oxidation, apoprotien synthesis or excretion

32
Q

How do you know if a liver is fatty

A

Put it in water

33
Q

an obease (or anorexic) icteric cat with hepatic failure/encephalopathy with a history of other disease

A

Feline fatty liver syndrome

34
Q

fibrosis and nodular regernation of the liver

A

Cirrhosis

35
Q

Causes of cirrhosis

A

Copper toxicosis, PA toxins, aflotoxins, anti-convulsants, chronic pasive congestion

36
Q

an incidental hepatopthy

tesnion from diaphram

common in ruminates

A

Tension lipidosis

not pathologic

37
Q

Incidental finding

A

Gas pockets formed by bacteria

post-mortem decomposition

38
Q

hepatic infection from the gut

A

Cholaniohepatitis

39
Q

What causes this

A

hepatic abscesses secondary to rumen ulceration

40
Q

What causes this

A

ascending infection from umbilical chord

41
Q

What causes this hepatic infection

A

leptospirosis

42
Q

What causes this infection in cats

A

Feline infectious peritonitis

43
Q

What causes this hepatic infection that infects the endothelial cells causing vasculitis in dogs

A

Canine infectous hepatitis/adenovirus type 1

44
Q

Benign cancer of hepatocytes

A

Hepatic adenoma

hepatoma

45
Q

Benign hepatic cancer of bile ducts

A

Biliary adenoma

46
Q

Benign hepatic cancer of endothelia cells

A

hemangioma

47
Q

Malignant cancer of hepatocytes

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

woodchucks have a virus that causes this

48
Q

Malignant cancer of bile ducts

A

Biliary carcinoma

cholangiocarcinoma

49
Q

Malignant cancer of endothelial cells

A

Hemangiosarcoma

50
Q

How do you tell the difference between hemangioscarc and melanoma met

A

Blot on paper

Red=hemangiosarc

Black= melanoma met

51
Q

Difference between sarcomas and carcinomas

A

Sarcomas spread through a tissue

Carcinomas met everywhere

52
Q

Intrinsic toxins

A

Produce consisten hepatotoxicity

53
Q

What are examples of intrinsic toxins

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Aflotoxins

54
Q

Idiosyncratic toxins

A

Produce sporadic toxicisty

55
Q

What are examples of idiosyncratic toxins

A

NSAID

anesthetics

anticonvulsants

56
Q

Causes biilary hyperplasia and portal fibrosis

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity

57
Q

a bedlington terrier come in with this liver

A

Cholestasis secondary to biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis

58
Q

Very little exocrine pancrease tissue

A

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

59
Q

Pancreatic enzymes break down the pancrease and release into the abdomen

A

Acute pancreatitis

60
Q

Benign pancreatic neoplasia

A

Pancreatic adenoma

61
Q

Malignant neoplasia that loves to metastasize to nearby tissues

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

62
Q

Incidental finding in older animals in the pancreas

A

Nodular hyperplasia of the pancreas

Systemic Path (6 decks)

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