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Systemic Path > Jordan's study guide- bone > Flashcards

Jordan's study guide- bone Flashcards

1
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane covering bone

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2
Q

Cortical

A

Hard outer bone

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3
Q

Trabecular

A

Spongy inner bone

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4
Q

What are these

A

Osteoblasts

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5
Q

What do osteoblasts do

A

Build bone

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6
Q

What are these

A

Osteocytes

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7
Q

What are these

A

Osteoclasts (break down)

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8
Q

What do osteoclasts do

A

Destroy bone

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9
Q

What type of bone is the top arrow pointing to

A

Laminar bone

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10
Q

What is the bottom arrow pointing to

A

Woven bone

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11
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur

A

Flat bones with no growth plates

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12
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification begin

A

Fibrous connective tissue membrane

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13
Q

What does intramembranous ossification form

A

Woven bone and periosteum

Final layer of compact bone

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14
Q

Where does endochondral ossification occur

A

Long bones

Requires growth plates

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15
Q

What does a growth plate need to function

A

Angiogenesis

Adequatly mineralize collagen/cartilage

Adequate supply of blood vessels

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16
Q

What are the 7 ways to describe a fracture

A

O: Open vs. closed

L: location

D: Degree (complete/incomplete)

A: articular extension

C: communication/pattern (multiple pieces)

I: Intrinsic bone quality

D: Displacement

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17
Q

4 steps to fracture healing

A
  1. Hematoma
  2. Fibrocartilaginous callus
  3. Bony callus
  4. remodeling
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18
Q

Salter type

A

1

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19
Q

Salter type

A

4

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20
Q

Salter type

A

3

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21
Q

Salter type

A

5

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22
Q

Salter type

A

2

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23
Q

Probem with osteoclasts

Failure of remodling

Increased bone density

A

Osteopetrosis

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24
Q

Bone resorption>formation

Disuse, malnutrition

Suseptible to fracture

A

Osteoporosis

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25
Q

Disproportionate dwarfism

A

Chondrodysplasia

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26
Q

Defect in matrix synthesis

Excessive bone fragility

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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27
Q

Decreased number of thin trabeculae

A

Osteopenia

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28
Q

What are the two species affected by scurvy

A

Guinea pig and primates

29
Q

Cause of scurvy

A

Lack of Vitamin C

30
Q

Low Ca -> Ca removed from bone -> replaced with fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibrous osteodystrophy

31
Q

Causes of fibrous osteodystropy

A

Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism

32
Q

How does primary hyperparathyroidism cause fibrous osteodystrophy

A

Parathyroid adenomas

Parathyroid hyperplasia

33
Q

How does seconday hyperparathyroidism cause firous osteodystrophy

A

Ca:P imbalance in feed

Kidney disease

34
Q

A young animal comes in with abnormal shaped bone angles, his diet has been deficient in Vit D. What is the most likly cause

A

Rickets

35
Q

What causes rickets

A

defect in endochondra ossification

defeicent in Vit D or phosphorus

36
Q

You find an intrathoracic mass on a patient with Periosteal Proliferation. There is no joint damage.

A

Hypertrophic osteoPathy

37
Q

Young dog with Double physeal line and acute inflammation in the primary spongiosa

A

Hypertrophic osteoDistropy

38
Q

What causes hypertrophic osteodistropy

A

Necrosis of osteoblasts

39
Q

Young dog with shifting leg lamness. Radiodense areas around the medullary cavity near the nutrient foramina

A

Eosinophilic Panosteitis

40
Q

What do you tell your client about the prognosis of eosinophilic panoseitis

A

Recover and do fine

41
Q

A small breed dog with avascular necrosis of the femoral head that is 6 months old

A

Legg-perthes disease

42
Q

Cause of osteomyelitis

A

Surgery

Penetrating wound

Fractures

Hematogenous spread of infectious organisims

43
Q

Lumpy jaw from actinomyces is a form of what

A

osteomyelitis

44
Q

Is osteomyelitis a serous disease

A

Yes

Difficult to treat

Acute or chronic

45
Q

Name for benign bone neoplasm

A

osteoma

46
Q

Name for malignant bone neoplasms

A

Osteosarcoma

47
Q

Benign cartilage neoplasm

A

Chondroma

48
Q

Malignant cartilage neoplasm

A

Chondrosarcoma

49
Q

Neoplasm that infltarted the cortex and medullary cavity

Tends to be away from elbow and towards the knee

A

Osteosarcoma

50
Q

What do chondromas and chondrosarcomas look like on radiographs

A

sof tissue opacity

51
Q

Benign lesion of younger cat

Proliferation of the growth plate cartilage

Grows with skeleton

A

Ostteochondromatosis

52
Q

Forms vertical clefts in cartliage

Dull yellow-brown cartilage

Can progress ot ebrunation

A

Fibrillation

53
Q

Polishing of exposed subchondral bone

Ivory like, shiney and smooth

A

Eburnation

54
Q

Bony proliferation around edges of joints

A

Oseophytosis

55
Q

Small piece of bone from osteophyes breaks off and gets in joint

A

Joint mice

56
Q

Granulation on articular surface

Damage underlying cartilage

Can progress ot ankyloses (joint fusion)

A

Pannus

57
Q

what causes inflammatory arthritis acute infections

A

penetrating wounds and septicemia

58
Q

What causes inflammatory arthritis chronicly

A

Immune mediated, virus, and untreated acute arthritis

59
Q

Denerative joint disease

Typically an aging lesion

A

Osteoarthritis

60
Q

What lesions can cause osteoarthritis

A

Fibrillation, cartilage erosion, osteophytosis, eburnation, synovial hyperplasia

61
Q

What mechanical and biochemical factors contribute to osteoarthritis

A

Decreased proteoglycan synthisis

Increased metalloenzyme synthesis which degrate proteogylcans

62
Q

Area of thickend cartilage that where the flap has broken off

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

63
Q

Difference between synovial cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma

A

Synovial cell carcinoma can cross the joint

64
Q

Annulus fibrosis cracks, tears, or ruptures, releasing the annulus pulposus

A

Intervertebral disc disease

65
Q

Type 1 intervertebral disc disease

A

Sudden explosive relase

66
Q

Type 2 intervertebral disc disease

A

Gradual

67
Q

Dura over spinal chord is ossified in an old dog

Incidental finding

A

Dural ossification

ossifying pachymeningitis

68
Q

Large breed dog with deformation of the joint. Degerative, non inflammatory disease

Subluxation of the femoral head

A

Hip dysplasia

69
Q

Degenerative non-inflammatory diease in large breed dog

Ununited anconeal process

Fragmented medial coronoid process

OCD of the elbow

A

Elbow displasia

Systemic Path (6 decks)

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