Jordan's study guide- bone

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

Membrane covering bone

Question 2

Cortical

Answer 2

Hard outer bone

Question 3

Trabecular

Answer 3

Spongy inner bone

Question 4

What are these

Answer 4

Osteoblasts

Question 5

What do osteoblasts do

Answer 5

Build bone

Question 6

What are these

Answer 6

Osteocytes

Question 7

What are these

Answer 7

Osteoclasts (break down)

Question 8

What do osteoclasts do

Answer 8

Destroy bone

Question 9

What type of bone is the top arrow pointing to

Answer 9

Laminar bone

Question 10

What is the bottom arrow pointing to

Answer 10

Woven bone

Question 11

Where does intramembranous ossification occur

Answer 11

Flat bones with no growth plates

Question 12

Where does intramembranous ossification begin

Answer 12

Fibrous connective tissue membrane

Question 13

What does intramembranous ossification form

Answer 13

Woven bone and periosteum

Final layer of compact bone

Question 14

Where does endochondral ossification occur

Answer 14

Long bones

Requires growth plates

Question 15

What does a growth plate need to function

Answer 15

Angiogenesis

Adequatly mineralize collagen/cartilage

Adequate supply of blood vessels

Question 16

What are the 7 ways to describe a fracture

Answer 16

O: Open vs. closed

L: location

D: Degree (complete/incomplete)

A: articular extension

C: communication/pattern (multiple pieces)

I: Intrinsic bone quality

D: Displacement

Question 17

4 steps to fracture healing

Answer 17

1. Hematoma
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus
3. Bony callus
4. remodeling

Question 18

Salter type

Answer 18

1

Question 19

Salter type

Answer 19

4

Question 20

Salter type

Answer 20

3

Question 21

Salter type

Answer 21

5

Question 22

Salter type

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Probem with osteoclasts

Failure of remodling

Increased bone density

Answer 23

Osteopetrosis

Question 24

Bone resorption>formation

Disuse, malnutrition

Suseptible to fracture

Answer 24

Osteoporosis

Question 25

Disproportionate dwarfism

Answer 25

Chondrodysplasia

Question 26

Defect in matrix synthesis Excessive bone fragility

Answer 26

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 27

Decreased number of thin trabeculae

Answer 27

Osteopenia

Question 28

What are the two species affected by scurvy

Answer 28

Guinea pig and primates

Question 29

Cause of scurvy

Answer 29

Lack of Vitamin C

Question 30

Low Ca -\> Ca removed from bone -\> replaced with fibrous connective tissue

Answer 30

Fibrous osteodystrophy

Question 31

Causes of fibrous osteodystropy

Answer 31

Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 32

How does primary hyperparathyroidism cause fibrous osteodystrophy

Answer 32

Parathyroid adenomas Parathyroid hyperplasia

Question 33

How does seconday hyperparathyroidism cause firous osteodystrophy

Answer 33

Ca:P imbalance in feed Kidney disease

Question 34

A young animal comes in with abnormal shaped bone angles, his diet has been deficient in Vit D. What is the most likly cause

Answer 34

Rickets

Question 35

What causes rickets

Answer 35

defect in endochondra ossification defeicent in Vit D or phosphorus

Question 36

You find an intrathoracic mass on a patient with Periosteal Proliferation. There is no joint damage.

Answer 36

Hypertrophic osteoPathy

Question 37

Young dog with Double physeal line and acute inflammation in the primary spongiosa

Answer 37

Hypertrophic osteoDistropy

Question 38

What causes hypertrophic osteodistropy

Answer 38

Necrosis of osteoblasts

Question 39

Young dog with shifting leg lamness. Radiodense areas around the medullary cavity near the nutrient foramina

Answer 39

Eosinophilic Panosteitis

Question 40

What do you tell your client about the prognosis of eosinophilic panoseitis

Answer 40

Recover and do fine

Question 41

A small breed dog with avascular necrosis of the femoral head that is 6 months old

Answer 41

Legg-perthes disease

Question 42

Cause of osteomyelitis

Answer 42

Surgery Penetrating wound Fractures Hematogenous spread of infectious organisims

Question 43

Lumpy jaw from actinomyces is a form of what

Answer 43

osteomyelitis

Question 44

Is osteomyelitis a serous disease

Answer 44

Yes Difficult to treat Acute or chronic

Question 45

Name for benign bone neoplasm

Answer 45

osteoma

Question 46

Name for malignant bone neoplasms

Answer 46

Osteosarcoma

Question 47

Benign cartilage neoplasm

Answer 47

Chondroma

Question 48

Malignant cartilage neoplasm

Answer 48

Chondrosarcoma

Question 49

Neoplasm that infltarted the cortex and medullary cavity Tends to be away from elbow and towards the knee

Answer 49

Osteosarcoma

Question 50

What do chondromas and chondrosarcomas look like on radiographs

Answer 50

sof tissue opacity

Question 51

Benign lesion of younger cat Proliferation of the growth plate cartilage Grows with skeleton

Answer 51

Ostteochondromatosis

Question 52

Forms vertical clefts in cartliage Dull yellow-brown cartilage Can progress ot ebrunation

Answer 52

Fibrillation

Question 53

Polishing of exposed subchondral bone Ivory like, shiney and smooth

Answer 53

Eburnation

Question 54

Bony proliferation around edges of joints

Answer 54

Oseophytosis

Question 55

Small piece of bone from osteophyes breaks off and gets in joint

Answer 55

Joint mice

Question 56

Granulation on articular surface Damage underlying cartilage Can progress ot ankyloses (joint fusion)

Answer 56

Pannus

Question 57

what causes inflammatory arthritis acute infections

Answer 57

penetrating wounds and septicemia

Question 58

What causes inflammatory arthritis chronicly

Answer 58

Immune mediated, virus, and untreated acute arthritis

Question 59

Denerative joint disease Typically an aging lesion

Answer 59

Osteoarthritis

Question 60

What lesions can cause osteoarthritis

Answer 60

Fibrillation, cartilage erosion, osteophytosis, eburnation, synovial hyperplasia

Question 61

What mechanical and biochemical factors contribute to osteoarthritis

Answer 61

Decreased proteoglycan synthisis Increased metalloenzyme synthesis which degrate proteogylcans

Question 62

Area of thickend cartilage that where the flap has broken off

Answer 62

Osteochondritis dissecans

Question 63

Difference between synovial cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma

Answer 63

Synovial cell carcinoma can cross the joint

Question 64

Annulus fibrosis cracks, tears, or ruptures, releasing the annulus pulposus

Answer 64

Intervertebral disc disease

Question 65

Type 1 intervertebral disc disease

Answer 65

Sudden explosive relase

Question 66

Type 2 intervertebral disc disease

Answer 66

Gradual

Question 67

Dura over spinal chord is ossified in an old dog Incidental finding

Answer 67

Dural ossification ossifying pachymeningitis

Question 68

Large breed dog with deformation of the joint. Degerative, non inflammatory disease Subluxation of the femoral head

Answer 68

Hip dysplasia

Question 69

Degenerative non-inflammatory diease in large breed dog Ununited anconeal process Fragmented medial coronoid process OCD of the elbow

Answer 69

Elbow displasia