Joints of the Lower limb

Question 1

Deep Lamina

Answer 1

circularly arranged fibers (zona orbicularis) helps to screw the head into the acetabulum

Question 2

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 2

“Y” ligament
Tightens during full extension (located anteriorally)
AIIS–> inferiorly to the intertrochanteric line

Question 3

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 3

Medial/inferior portion of hip joint
pubis–>neck of femur (i.e. underneath femur)
limits abduction, tight during extension

Question 4

Iliopectineal bursa

Answer 4

bursa that covers psoas major, which fills in gaps b/w ilo and pubo femoral ligaments

Question 5

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 5

posterior part of hip capsule= deep lamina=zona orbicularis
tight during extension
spiral fibers–>screw head in

Question 6

Ligamentum teres capitis femoris

Answer 6

acetabular notch–>fovea capitis

limits over-adduction

Question 7

things that increase stability of knee

Answer 7

increased SA via large roller surface of femur

expanded tibial plateau

Question 8

Lateral and medial patellar retinacula

Answer 8

expansions of vasus medialis and lateralis

prevent hyperextension

Question 9

oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 9

expansion of semi-M superiolaterally toward the lateral femoral condyle

Question 10

Arcuate popliteal ligament

Answer 10

expansion of biceps femoris to the fibular extension over popliteus
prevents hyperextension

Question 11

Medial collateral ligament

Answer 11

broad, though, attached to medial meniscus
from medial femoral epicondyle–>tibia below condyle (think pes)
extracapsular

Question 12

Lateral collateral ligament

Answer 12

pencil-like cord
tendon of popliteus passes b/w it and the capsule (no meniscal attachment)
extracapsular

Question 13

infrapatellar synovial fold

Answer 13

divides joint space into lateral and medial, attached to cruciates

Question 14

menisci

Answer 14

lateral= lunar medial=semi-lunar

help cushion joint and stabilize articulation by deepening surfaces

Question 15

coronary ligaments

Answer 15

attach the lateral margins of menisci to the tibial plateau

Question 16

transverse genicular ligament

Answer 16

attach the medial and lateral ligament, prevents them from being pushed side to side

Question 17

ACL

Answer 17

lateral femoral condyle–> anterior intercondylar area

prevents posterior femur displacement
intraarticular, extrasynovial

Question 18

PCL

Answer 18

Lateral medial condyle–> posterior intercondylar area
prevents forward displacement of femur
larger, more vertical

Question 19

meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 19

keep menisci from being trapped during knee flexion, stabilize knee during posterior translation of lateral femoral condyle

anterior: lateral meniscus–>ACL
Posterior: lateral meniscus–>PCL

Question 20

Distal tibiofibular articulation

Answer 20

fibrous joint b/w the distal tibia/fibula

does not move or slide

Question 21

Interosseous ligament

Answer 21

thickened inferior portion of the iO membrane

very strong, thickened distally

Question 22

A/P/ transverse tibiofibular ligaments

Answer 22

transverse forms the mortice of the ankle joint

prevents talus from wobbling laterally/medially

Question 23

Ankle joint (talocrural)

Answer 23

synovial hinge joint (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion- no medial lateral movement)
capsule is lax A/P, supported laterally and medially by collateral ligaments

Question 24

Deltoid ligament

Answer 24

consists of 4 bands medially 
prevents eversion (more severe if strained)
anterior tibiotalar
tibinavicular
tibiocalcaneal 
posterior tibiotalar

Question 25

Lateral ligaments

Answer 25

anterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular posterior talofibular ligament

Question 26

Subtalar joint

Answer 26

talus articulates with 2x with calcaneus | allows inversion and eversion of hindfoot

Question 27

talocalcaneonavicular joint

Answer 27

articulation b/w calcaneus, navicular, and talus in which talus is the keystone for the medial longitudinal arch supported by plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

Question 28

calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 28

b/w anterior calcaneus and cuboid highest point of the lateral longitudinal arch supported by long and short plantar ligaments

Question 29

midtarsal joint

Answer 29

divides forefoot and hindfoot which allows the foot to function on uneven surfaces

Question 30

Tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joint

Answer 30

plane synovial joint held together by deep transverse metatarsal ligaments supported by many other ligaments and capsules

Question 31

Lateral arch

Answer 31

calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th MTs and phalanges -flat, rigid provides a stable base for upright posture and assists in balance

Question 32

Medial arch

Answer 32

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1-3 MTs and phalanges high, more resilient curvature, assists with weight bearing

Question 33

Transverse arch

Answer 33

distal row of tarsals (cuboid and cuneiforms), bases of all MTs

Question 34

Long and short plantar ligaments

Answer 34

support to lateral longitudinal arch | calcaneus-->cuboid

Question 35

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Answer 35

support of medial longitudinal arch talus-->navicular (from sustanticulum tali) "spring ligament" lots of resilient elastic fibers

Question 36

plantar aponeurosis

Answer 36

ties proximal and distal ends of longitudinal arches | calcaneus-->MT head

Question 37

tendinous sling

Answer 37

"dynamic support" of TP and fibularis longus which supports both longitudinal arches and transverse arch

Question 38

dynamic support of medial arch

Answer 38

FDL and FHL on the underside of the foot | help support the foot during walking

Question 39

dynamic support on the dorsum of the foot

Answer 39

TA and fibularis brevis support the posterior portion of the longitudinal arch