Anterior Lower Limb

Question 1

Hip joint

Answer 1

more stability but decreased mobility (deeper ball and socket)

joint capsule limits extension and abduction

Question 2

Fascia lata

Answer 2

most superior deep fascia

surrounds the thigh and gluteal region

Question 3

Gluteal aponeurosis

Answer 3

thickened portion of fascia lata that runs from iliac crest to form a incomplete septum b/w max and medius

Question 4

Saphenous vein opening

Answer 4

opening in the fascia lata below inguinal ligament

• presents a falciform margin
• fascia cribrosa makes up the floor and transmits the saphenous vein

Question 5

Femoral Triangle Boundaries

Answer 5

Superior: Inguinal lig
Medial: Add longus
Lateral: Sartorius 
Roof: Fascia lata (deep fascia)
Floor: Pectineus, iliopsoas

Question 6

Contents of femoral triangle

Answer 6

NAVL

1) Femoral N as it divides into cutaneous and motor branch (NOTIN FEMORAL SHEATH), runs where piliacus and psoas join
2) Femoral artery and branches
3) Femoral Vein
4) Lymphatics

Question 7

femoral sheath

Answer 7

extension of the transversalis fascia from the abdomen that covers the femoral a and v

Question 8

Adductor Canal

Answer 8

aka hunter’s canal
connects the contents of the femoral triangle with popliteal fossa (allows things to run from anterior–>posterior w/o crossing the knee)

Question 9

Borders of adductor canal

Answer 9

Ant/med: Sartorius and vastoadductor membrane (forms roof)
Ant/lat: vastus medialis
Posterior: Adductor longus superiorly and magnus inferiorly

Question 10

contents of adductor canal

Answer 10

femoral a and v ( both exit at adductor hiatus)
Artery comes to lie anterior to vein in this canal
motor n to vastus medialis from femoral n
sapehnous n. (pierces the vasoadductor membrane to become cutaneous0

Question 11

Femoral artery (orientation)

Answer 11

in femoral triangle: lateral to vein
adductor canal: anterior to vein
popliteal fossa: deep to vein in a more protected position behind popliteus m.

Question 12

Deep (profunda) femoral a.

Answer 12

from femoral a, runs behind the artery parallel to femur and passes b/w adductor longus and brevis and magnus

Question 13

Lateral femoral circumflex a.

Answer 13

from deep femoral a laterally on the surface of iliacus and provides three branches

Question 14

Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex

Answer 14

ascends deep to TFL

Question 15

Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex

Answer 15

goes around femur within the vastus lateralis
anastomoses posteriorly with branch of medial femoral circumflex a, inferior gluteal a. and first perforating a (cruciate anastomosis)

Question 16

Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex

Answer 16

descends the surface of teh vastus lateralis and participates in the genicular anastomosis

Question 17

Medial femoral circumflex a.

Answer 17

from deep femoral and DIVES B/W PSOAS AND PECTINEUS
supplies adductors, acetabulum and head of femur, and lateral orators
anastomoses with cruciate anastomosis (transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex)

Question 18

Perforating arteries

Answer 18

1-4 (4 is classic) arise from lateral femoral a.
pierces adductor magnus and pass posterior into the vastus lateralis
have muscular branches that supply posterior femoral muscles

Question 19

Descending genicular a.

Answer 19

from femoral a before it passes thru the adductor hiatus

• –>articular branch which participates in teh genicular anastomosis
• –>saphenous branch which pierces the vastoadductor membrane with the saphenous n–>subcut areas of medial leg

Question 20

Obturator artery

Answer 20

Branch of internal iliac
arises from pelvic cavity via obturator canal
deep to obturator externus

Posterior branches provide branches to acetabulum and head of femur via ligamentum teres

Question 21

Femoral Nerve

Answer 21

L2,3,4
exits pelvis deep to inguinal ligament b/w the iliacus and psoas
while in the triangle it innervates pectineus, sartorius, RF, Vastus muscles, and articularis genu

saphenous n. (L4) and motor branch to vastus medialis are its branches that run thru the adductor canal

Question 22

Saphenous n.

Answer 22

branch of femoral n.
passes thru canal
breaks thru the vastoadductor membrane with the sapenous a and descends medially with great saphenous v
provides cutaneous sensation to the medial leg and foot

Question 23

Obturator nerve

Answer 23

L2,3,4
passes thru the obturator canal
divides once it hits the adductor brevis (brevis sandwich)

Question 24

anterior branch of obturator n.

Answer 24

surface of brevis, deep to longus
innervates both and sometimes pectineus
branches to hip and cutaneous branches to cutaneous thigh

Question 25

posterior branch of the obturator n

Answer 25

lices on teh surface of adductor magnus, deep to brevis | innervates obturator externus, part of magnus and has articular branch to the knee