Joints/ Locomotion Flashcards
what is the movement of horses dependent on
-contracting of muscles
-corresponding articulation of joint
how many joints are in the front legs and what are they
(8)
-shoulder
-fetlock
-elbow
-pastern
-carpals
-coffin
how many joints are in the hind legs and what are they
(13)
-sacroliac
-hock
-coffin
-hip
-fetlock
-stifle
-pastern
bones meet at joints do what two functions
unite bones
allow free movement
what are the three different types of joints
fibrous (fixed)
cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
snovial (freely moveable)
what are fibrous joints
bones that are united by connective tissue (skull joint)
what are synovial joints
space around joint is delicate connective tissue (synovial membrane)
how does cartilage change with age
turn yellowish with age which indicates loss of elasticity
what is synovial membrane
completes the lining of the joint
what are the main functions of synovial membrane
- protect the joint
- produces the lubricant part of the synovial fluid
what do ligaments do
attach bone to bone
what are the types of ligaments
- intra articular
- collateral
- annular
- check
what are intr articular ligaments
within the bone
what are collateral ligaments
on the side
what are annular ligaments
surround the joint, fibers are circular
what are check ligaments
fail safe
what are the 7 joint movement types
- gliding/sliding/swinging
2.flexion - extension
- adduction/abduction
5.hyperextension
6.rotation - circumduction
what is flexion
decrease of the angle of the joint
what is extension
increase of the angle of the joint
what is adduction
carries moving parts TOWARD the median plane
what is abduction
carries the moving parts AWAY from the median plane
what is hyperextension
joint overextends past the normal range of motion
what is an example of hyperextension
dorsiflexion of fetlock
what is rotation
movement in either direction on its own axis (neck)
what is circumduction
distal end of leg (lower end of leg) creates a circle
what are examples of circumduction
paddeling, winging
what are the 4 things that can limit movement in joint
- shape of the joint surfaces
- extra capsular ligaments
- extra joint surfaces
- tension in muscles
what is a hinge joint
joint surface shaped like a segment of a cylinder and the other carved out to fit it
what are examples of hinge joints
fetlock and elbow
what are plane joints
2 flat joint surfaces
what are examples of plane joint
inter-carpal joint
what are pivot joints
movement occurs around one axis
what are examples of a pivot joint
atlas, axis
what are ball and socket joints
joint with greatest versatility of movement
what are examples of ball and socket joints
hip joint
what are condylar joints
formed by two knuckle shaped ends
what are examples of condylar joints
stifle
what are ellipsodial joint
2 planes at right angle to each other
what are examples of ellipsoidal joint
antebrachiocarpal joint
