Bones/Cartilage Flashcards
what is articular cartilage
end of the bone (hyaline cartilage)
what is periosteum
membrane on the surface
what is endosteum
membrane lining marrow cavity
what is metaphysis
flared area of the long bone
what is diaphysis
shaft of the long bone
what is epiphysis
end of the long bone
what is the compact/cortex
outer layer of dense bone that gives the bone strength
what is cancellous bone
center of bones that absorbs concussion
what is the medullary cortex
center of long bones (legs/ribs)
how is the medullary cortex different in young and old horses
young- cavity contains red bone marrow
old- replaced with fat
what is a tuberosity
protrusion
usually a site of muscle attachment
what is an example of tuberosity
humorous
what is a process
projection
pulley for muscle to run over it
what is an example of a process
scapula, humorous
what is a fossa
hollow grooves
give an overlaying muscle more room to move
what is an example of a fossa
scapula
how to bone tissues vary
in density
what are the two types of bone tissue
- compact (cortical)
- cancellous
function and location of compact tissue
dense for strength
toward outside
function and location of cancellous tissue
cellular development, structure support
toward inside
what does the amount of tissue within the bone depend on
type and function (i.e. long bone, vertebrae)
how does bone tissue constantly change
it is constantly renewing itself
what is the function of bone tissue
store and release minerals depending on the body’s needs
how do bones change
change shape and density to accommodate the stress it is under
what can affect density of bone tissue
conformation, exercise (blood supply), nutrition
what is the average amount of bones in the skeletal system
205
how many bones are in the skull
34
how many bones are in the vertebral column
54
how many bones are in the ribs
36
how many bones are in the sternum
1
how many bones are in the thoracic limbs
40
how many bones are in the pelvic limbs
40
what are long bones
long, cylinder shaped bones
what is the function of long bones
support weight
locomotion, levers
what are examples of long bones
humorous, radius, femur, tibia, metacarpals, metatarsals
what are cuboidal bones
(short) block shaped
what is the function of cuboidal bones
absorb concussion
what are examples of cuboidal bones
knee (carpal), hock (tarsal)
what is the function of flat bones
enclosed the cavities containing vital organs
what are examples of flat bones
skull, scapula, ribs
what are the functions of sesamoid bones
assist other bones in the joint to reduce friction
act as a pulley for tendons
what are examples of sesamoid bones
fetlock, navicular, patella, distal sesamoid bone
what are pneumatic bones
bones that contain air spaces
what is the function of pneumatic bones
house air passages
what are examples of pneumatic bones
frontal bones, maxillary, bones of the skull
what are irregular bones
odd shaped, unpaired
what are examples of irregular bones
vertebrae, coffin, elbow
what are some characteristics of cartilage
-tough elastic tissue
-no blood supply
what is the function of cartilage cells
receive nutrients from body fluids by diffusion
what are the two types of cartilage
growth and articular
what is articular cartilage
covers to joint surface
what is growth cartilage
end of foal’s long bone changes to bone
