Joints- lab Flashcards
Periosteum
The membrane that covers the bone surface, except at joints
Diaphysis
Bone shaft that forms a long axis
Epiphysis
Bone ends
Epiphyseal plate
“growth plate”- a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone.
Articular cartilage
cover the ends of most bones at movable joints
Meniscus
A piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the femur and tibia, can be torn with sudden twisting movements
Joint cavity
Only found in synovial joints. It is defined as empty space between the bones that form the joint or around the joint itself
Synovial fluid
A fluid located between your joints. It cushions your bones and reduces the friction between your joints
Structural classifications of joints (3)
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Functional classification of joints (3)
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
Synathroses
Immovable joints
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints
Diarthroses
freely movable joints= synovial joints
Fibrous joints categories (3)
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
Sutures
between bones of skull (in adults, fibrous tissue ossifies creating synostoses)
Syndesmoses
junction of bones held together by ligaments
tibia - fibula; radius - ulna; (distal ends)
Gomphoses
tooth attached to socket with periodontal ligament
Cartilaginous joint categories (2)
- Synchondroses
2. Symphyses
Synovial shape categories (6)
- Plane
- Condylar
- Ball and socket
- Hinge
- Saddle
- Pivot
Synchondroses
cartilaginous joints between the shafts and the epiphyseal plates of growing long bones
Sympheses
pads of fibrous cartilage cushions joint
pubic symphysis; intervertebral joints
Plane joint
Flat articular surfaces
Hinge joint
Composed of cylinder and trough shaped bones
Pivot joint
Sleeve (bone and ligament) and axle (rounded bone)
Condylar joint
oval articular surfaces
Saddle joint
Articular surfaces that are concave (curved inward) and convex (curved outward)
Ball and socket joint
Joint composed of a cup bone (socket) and spherical bone (ball)
Temporomandibular joint
Formed from the temporal bone of the skull and the mandible
Structural- synovial, modified hinge (contains articular disc)
Functional-
Sternoclavicular joint
Sternum and clavicle
Structural- synovial, shallow saddle
Functional- diarthrotic, the clavicle can move on multiple axes.
Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Scapula and humerus
Structural- synovial, ball and socket
Functional- diarthrotic, multi axial, flexion, many others
Elbow joint
Ulna and radius with humerus
Synovial, hinge
Diarthrotic
Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joint
Metacarpal and proximal phalanx
Synovial, condylar
Diarthrotic
Interphalangeal (finger) joint
Synovial, hinge
Diarthrotic
Hip (coxal) joint
Hip bone and femur
Synovial, ball and socket
Diarthrotic
Knee (tibiofemoral) joint
Femur and tibia
Synovial, modified hinge
Diarhtrotic
Ankle (talocrural) joint
Tibia and fibula with talus
Synovial, hinge
Diarthrotic
