Joints- lab Flashcards

1
Q

Periosteum

A

The membrane that covers the bone surface, except at joints

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2
Q

Diaphysis

A

Bone shaft that forms a long axis

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3
Q

Epiphysis

A

Bone ends

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4
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

“growth plate”- a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone.

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5
Q

Articular cartilage

A

cover the ends of most bones at movable joints

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6
Q

Meniscus

A

A piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the femur and tibia, can be torn with sudden twisting movements

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7
Q

Joint cavity

A

Only found in synovial joints. It is defined as empty space between the bones that form the joint or around the joint itself

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8
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A fluid located between your joints. It cushions your bones and reduces the friction between your joints

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9
Q

Structural classifications of joints (3)

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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10
Q

Functional classification of joints (3)

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Amphiarthroses
  3. Diarthroses
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11
Q

Synathroses

A

Immovable joints

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12
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joints

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13
Q

Diarthroses

A

freely movable joints= synovial joints

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14
Q

Fibrous joints categories (3)

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Syndesmoses
  3. Gomphoses
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15
Q

Sutures

A

between bones of skull (in adults, fibrous tissue ossifies creating synostoses)

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16
Q

Syndesmoses

A

junction of bones held together by ligaments

tibia - fibula; radius - ulna; (distal ends)

17
Q

Gomphoses

A

tooth attached to socket with periodontal ligament

18
Q

Cartilaginous joint categories (2)

A
  1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

19
Q

Synovial shape categories (6)

A
  1. Plane
  2. Condylar
  3. Ball and socket
  4. Hinge
  5. Saddle
  6. Pivot
20
Q

Synchondroses

A

cartilaginous joints between the shafts and the epiphyseal plates of growing long bones

21
Q

Sympheses

A

pads of fibrous cartilage cushions joint

pubic symphysis; intervertebral joints

22
Q

Plane joint

A

Flat articular surfaces

23
Q

Hinge joint

A

Composed of cylinder and trough shaped bones

24
Q

Pivot joint

A

Sleeve (bone and ligament) and axle (rounded bone)

25
Condylar joint
oval articular surfaces
26
Saddle joint
Articular surfaces that are concave (curved inward) and convex (curved outward)
27
Ball and socket joint
Joint composed of a cup bone (socket) and spherical bone (ball)
28
Temporomandibular joint
Formed from the temporal bone of the skull and the mandible Structural- synovial, modified hinge (contains articular disc) Functional-
29
Sternoclavicular joint
Sternum and clavicle Structural- synovial, shallow saddle Functional- diarthrotic, the clavicle can move on multiple axes.
30
Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Scapula and humerus Structural- synovial, ball and socket Functional- diarthrotic, multi axial, flexion, many others
31
Elbow joint
Ulna and radius with humerus Synovial, hinge Diarthrotic
32
Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joint
Metacarpal and proximal phalanx Synovial, condylar Diarthrotic
33
Interphalangeal (finger) joint
Synovial, hinge | Diarthrotic
34
Hip (coxal) joint
Hip bone and femur Synovial, ball and socket Diarthrotic
35
Knee (tibiofemoral) joint
Femur and tibia Synovial, modified hinge Diarhtrotic
36
Ankle (talocrural) joint
Tibia and fibula with talus Synovial, hinge Diarthrotic