Joints- lab

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

The membrane that covers the bone surface, except at joints

Question 2

Diaphysis

Answer 2

Bone shaft that forms a long axis

Question 3

Epiphysis

Answer 3

Bone ends

Question 4

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 4

“growth plate”- a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone.

Question 5

Articular cartilage

Answer 5

cover the ends of most bones at movable joints

Question 6

Meniscus

Answer 6

A piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the femur and tibia, can be torn with sudden twisting movements

Question 7

Joint cavity

Answer 7

Only found in synovial joints. It is defined as empty space between the bones that form the joint or around the joint itself

Question 8

Synovial fluid

Answer 8

A fluid located between your joints. It cushions your bones and reduces the friction between your joints

Question 9

Structural classifications of joints (3)

Answer 9

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 10

Functional classification of joints (3)

Answer 10

1. Synarthroses
2. Amphiarthroses
3. Diarthroses

Question 11

Synathroses

Answer 11

Immovable joints

Question 12

Amphiarthroses

Answer 12

Slightly movable joints

Question 13

Diarthroses

Answer 13

freely movable joints= synovial joints

Question 14

Fibrous joints categories (3)

Answer 14

1. Sutures
2. Syndesmoses
3. Gomphoses

Question 15

Sutures

Answer 15

between bones of skull (in adults, fibrous tissue ossifies creating synostoses)

Question 16

Syndesmoses

Answer 16

junction of bones held together by ligaments

tibia - fibula; radius - ulna; (distal ends)

Question 17

Gomphoses

Answer 17

tooth attached to socket with periodontal ligament

Question 18

Cartilaginous joint categories (2)

Answer 18

1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

Question 19

Synovial shape categories (6)

Answer 19

1. Plane
2. Condylar
3. Ball and socket
4. Hinge
5. Saddle
6. Pivot

Question 20

Synchondroses

Answer 20

cartilaginous joints between the shafts and the epiphyseal plates of growing long bones

Question 21

Sympheses

Answer 21

pads of fibrous cartilage cushions joint

pubic symphysis; intervertebral joints

Question 22

Plane joint

Answer 22

Flat articular surfaces

Question 23

Hinge joint

Answer 23

Composed of cylinder and trough shaped bones

Question 24

Pivot joint

Answer 24

Sleeve (bone and ligament) and axle (rounded bone)

Question 25

Condylar joint

Answer 25

oval articular surfaces

Question 26

Saddle joint

Answer 26

Articular surfaces that are concave (curved inward) and convex (curved outward)

Question 27

Ball and socket joint

Answer 27

Joint composed of a cup bone (socket) and spherical bone (ball)

Question 28

Temporomandibular joint

Answer 28

Formed from the temporal bone of the skull and the mandible
Structural- synovial, modified hinge (contains articular disc)
Functional-

Question 29

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 29

Sternum and clavicle
Structural- synovial, shallow saddle
Functional- diarthrotic, the clavicle can move on multiple axes.

Question 30

Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Answer 30

Scapula and humerus
Structural- synovial, ball and socket
Functional- diarthrotic, multi axial, flexion, many others

Question 31

Elbow joint

Answer 31

Ulna and radius with humerus
Synovial, hinge
Diarthrotic

Question 32

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joint

Answer 32

Metacarpal and proximal phalanx
Synovial, condylar
Diarthrotic

Question 33

Interphalangeal (finger) joint

Answer 33

Synovial, hinge

Diarthrotic

Question 34

Hip (coxal) joint

Answer 34

Hip bone and femur
Synovial, ball and socket
Diarthrotic

Question 35

Knee (tibiofemoral) joint

Answer 35

Femur and tibia
Synovial, modified hinge
Diarhtrotic

Question 36

Ankle (talocrural) joint

Answer 36

Tibia and fibula with talus
Synovial, hinge
Diarthrotic