Joints- lab Flashcards
Periosteum
The membrane that covers the bone surface, except at joints
Diaphysis
Bone shaft that forms a long axis
Epiphysis
Bone ends
Epiphyseal plate
“growth plate”- a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone.
Articular cartilage
cover the ends of most bones at movable joints
Meniscus
A piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the femur and tibia, can be torn with sudden twisting movements
Joint cavity
Only found in synovial joints. It is defined as empty space between the bones that form the joint or around the joint itself
Synovial fluid
A fluid located between your joints. It cushions your bones and reduces the friction between your joints
Structural classifications of joints (3)
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Functional classification of joints (3)
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
Synathroses
Immovable joints
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints
Diarthroses
freely movable joints= synovial joints
Fibrous joints categories (3)
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
Sutures
between bones of skull (in adults, fibrous tissue ossifies creating synostoses)
Syndesmoses
junction of bones held together by ligaments
tibia - fibula; radius - ulna; (distal ends)
Gomphoses
tooth attached to socket with periodontal ligament
Cartilaginous joint categories (2)
- Synchondroses
2. Symphyses
Synovial shape categories (6)
- Plane
- Condylar
- Ball and socket
- Hinge
- Saddle
- Pivot
Synchondroses
cartilaginous joints between the shafts and the epiphyseal plates of growing long bones
Sympheses
pads of fibrous cartilage cushions joint
pubic symphysis; intervertebral joints
Plane joint
Flat articular surfaces
Hinge joint
Composed of cylinder and trough shaped bones
Pivot joint
Sleeve (bone and ligament) and axle (rounded bone)