Joints & Articulations - General

Question 1

Which bone does not form joints with any other bone?

Answer 1

Hyoid

Question 2

What are the two main functions of joints? (2)

Answer 2

1. Hold bones together

2. Give the rigid skeleton mobility

Question 3

Define: synarthroses

Answer 3

Immovable joints

Question 4

Define: amphiarthroses

Answer 4

Slightly movable joints

Question 5

What are three types of joints and what are their differences? (3)

Answer 5

1. Fibrous = immovable
2. Synovial = freely movable
3. Cartilaginous = slightly movable

Question 6

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 6

Bones united by fibrous tissue

Question 7

What is an example of fibrous joints?

Answer 7

Sutures of the skull

Question 8

What kind of tissue interlocks and binds tightly to the irregular edges of the sutures?

Answer 8

Connective tissue fibers

Question 9

What is a consequence of sutures being bound by connective tissue fibers?

Answer 9

Allows no movement

Question 10

What is the name of the longer fibers and how do they affect a joint? (2)

Answer 10

1. Syndesmoses

2. Makes the joints have more “give”

Question 11

How are the end of bones connected?

Answer 11

By fibrocartilage

Question 12

How are articulating ends separated?

Answer 12

By a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Question 13

What type of joints do limbs have?

Answer 13

All synovial joints

Question 14

List the 4 features of synovial joints and descriptors of the features. (4)

Answer 14

1. Articulating cartilage (hyaline) → covers ends of bones
2. Articulating capsule → joint surfaces are enclosed by a sleeve or layer of fibrous connective tissue
3. Joint cavity → contains lubricating synovial fluid
4. Reinforced ligaments → fibrous layer by ligaments

Question 15

What are articulating capsules lined with?

Answer 15

Synovial membrane

Question 16

What two parts are also known as “bags of lubrication”? (2)

Answer 16

1. Bursae

2. Tendon sheath

Question 17

What do bursae and tendon sheath act as (their function)?

Answer 17

Acts like ball bearings to reduce friction during activity

Question 18

Define: bursae

Answer 18

Flattened fibro sacs lined with synovial membrane which contains thin film of synovial fluid

Question 19

Define: tendon sheath

Answer 19

Elongated bursae that wraps completely around tendon where there is potential for friction