Joints & Articulations - General Flashcards
Which bone does not form joints with any other bone?
Hyoid
What are the two main functions of joints? (2)
- Hold bones together
2. Give the rigid skeleton mobility
Define: synarthroses
Immovable joints
Define: amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints
What are three types of joints and what are their differences? (3)
- Fibrous = immovable
- Synovial = freely movable
- Cartilaginous = slightly movable
What are fibrous joints?
Bones united by fibrous tissue
What is an example of fibrous joints?
Sutures of the skull
What kind of tissue interlocks and binds tightly to the irregular edges of the sutures?
Connective tissue fibers
What is a consequence of sutures being bound by connective tissue fibers?
Allows no movement
What is the name of the longer fibers and how do they affect a joint? (2)
- Syndesmoses
2. Makes the joints have more “give”
How are the end of bones connected?
By fibrocartilage
How are articulating ends separated?
By a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
What type of joints do limbs have?
All synovial joints
List the 4 features of synovial joints and descriptors of the features. (4)
- Articulating cartilage (hyaline) → covers ends of bones
- Articulating capsule → joint surfaces are enclosed by a sleeve or layer of fibrous connective tissue
- Joint cavity → contains lubricating synovial fluid
- Reinforced ligaments → fibrous layer by ligaments
What are articulating capsules lined with?
Synovial membrane
What two parts are also known as “bags of lubrication”? (2)
- Bursae
2. Tendon sheath
What do bursae and tendon sheath act as (their function)?
Acts like ball bearings to reduce friction during activity
Define: bursae
Flattened fibro sacs lined with synovial membrane which contains thin film of synovial fluid
Define: tendon sheath
Elongated bursae that wraps completely around tendon where there is potential for friction
