Classification & Function

Question 1

What are the 2 classifications/types of bones in the human body? (2)

Answer 1

1. Compact bones

2. Spongy bones

Question 2

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 2

206 bones

Question 3

Which bone is the longest and how long is it? (2)

Answer 3

1. Femur

2. 2ft long

Question 4

Where exactly is bone marrow produced? (2)

Answer 4

1. Spongy bones

2. At the end of long bones

Question 5

What are the 4 types of bones based on shape? (4)

Answer 5

1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Flat bones
4. Irregular bones

Question 6

How is each shape of bone described and/or is composed? (4)

Answer 6

1. Long - shaft with heads on both ends; mostly compact bone
2. Short - cube-shaped; contains spongy bones
3. Flat - thin, flat, and usually curved
4. Irregular - do no fit into any other character

Question 7

Give an example for each type of bone shape. (4)

Answer 7

1. Long → humerus
2. Short → wrists or ankles
3. Flat → skull, ribs, sternum
4. Irregular → vertebrae or spinal cord

Question 8

What are the 2 categories of bone markings? (2)

Answer 8

1. Projections - grow from the bone

2. Depressions - cavities or indentations

Question 9

List the 5 main functions of bone. (5)

Answer 9

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Storage
5. Blood production

Question 10

List 3 examples for the support function of bones. (3)

Answer 10

1. Framework -→ cradles soft organs
2. Leg bones act as pillars to support the body
3. Ribcage protects the thoracic wall

Question 11

List 2 examples of how bones protect the soft body organs. (2)

Answer 11

1. Fused bones of the skull protect the brain

2. Vertebrae protect the spinal cord

Question 12

How do bones aid the body in movement?

Answer 12

The skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons and use bones as levers to move

Question 13

How do bones serve as storage? (3)

Answer 13

1. Fat (adipose tissue) is stored in the bone marrow
2. Storehouse for minerals (esp calcium and phosphorus)
3. Calcium salts

Question 14

What does calcium in the blood aid in? (3)

Answer 14

1. Transmission of messages (nerves)
2. Muscle contraction
3. Blood clotting

Question 15

What is hematopoiesis (haematopoiesis - latin) and where does it occur? (2)

Answer 15

1. Formation of blood

2. Occurs in the bone marrow

Question 16

What is the diaphysis of the bone?

Answer 16

The shaft of the bone which makes up most of the length

Question 17

What is the diaphysis composed of? (2)

Answer 17

1. Compact bone

2. Covered in periosteum (fibrous, connective tissue membrane)

Question 18

Where can epiphyses be found and what is it composed of? (3)

Answer 18

1. Found at the ends of long bones
2. Composed of a thin layer of compact bone
3. Spongy bone is enclosed by that thin layer of compact bone

Question 19

What is the diaphysis covered in and what is its function? (2)

Answer 19

1. . Articulating cartilage covers the external surface of the diaphysis
2. The cartilage provides a smooth, slippery surface to lessen friction at joint surfaces

Question 20

Define: epiphyseal line

Answer 20

Thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks slightly different from the rest of the bone

Question 21

In what kind of bones can you find an epiphyseal plate?

Answer 21

Young, growing bones

Question 22

What does the cavity of the shaft function as?

Answer 22

Storage area

Question 23

What can be found in the cavity of the shaft? (2)

Answer 23

1. Yellow marrow or medullary cavity

2. In infants, this area forms red blood cells so red marrow is found there as well