What are the 2 classifications/types of bones in the human body? (2)
- Compact bones
2. Spongy bones
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones
Which bone is the longest and how long is it? (2)
- Femur
2. 2ft long
Where exactly is bone marrow produced? (2)
- Spongy bones
2. At the end of long bones
What are the 4 types of bones based on shape? (4)
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
How is each shape of bone described and/or is composed? (4)
- Long - shaft with heads on both ends; mostly compact bone
- Short - cube-shaped; contains spongy bones
- Flat - thin, flat, and usually curved
- Irregular - do no fit into any other character
Give an example for each type of bone shape. (4)
- Long → humerus
- Short → wrists or ankles
- Flat → skull, ribs, sternum
- Irregular → vertebrae or spinal cord
What are the 2 categories of bone markings? (2)
- Projections - grow from the bone
2. Depressions - cavities or indentations
List the 5 main functions of bone. (5)
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Storage
- Blood production
List 3 examples for the support function of bones. (3)
- Framework -→ cradles soft organs
- Leg bones act as pillars to support the body
- Ribcage protects the thoracic wall
List 2 examples of how bones protect the soft body organs. (2)
- Fused bones of the skull protect the brain
2. Vertebrae protect the spinal cord
How do bones aid the body in movement?
The skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons and use bones as levers to move
How do bones serve as storage? (3)
- Fat (adipose tissue) is stored in the bone marrow
- Storehouse for minerals (esp calcium and phosphorus)
- Calcium salts
What does calcium in the blood aid in? (3)
- Transmission of messages (nerves)
- Muscle contraction
- Blood clotting
What is hematopoiesis (haematopoiesis - latin) and where does it occur? (2)
- Formation of blood
2. Occurs in the bone marrow
What is the diaphysis of the bone?
The shaft of the bone which makes up most of the length
What is the diaphysis composed of? (2)
- Compact bone
2. Covered in periosteum (fibrous, connective tissue membrane)
Where can epiphyses be found and what is it composed of? (3)
- Found at the ends of long bones
- Composed of a thin layer of compact bone
- Spongy bone is enclosed by that thin layer of compact bone
What is the diaphysis covered in and what is its function? (2)
- . Articulating cartilage covers the external surface of the diaphysis
- The cartilage provides a smooth, slippery surface to lessen friction at joint surfaces
Define: epiphyseal line
Thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks slightly different from the rest of the bone
In what kind of bones can you find an epiphyseal plate?
Young, growing bones
What does the cavity of the shaft function as?
Storage area
What can be found in the cavity of the shaft? (2)
- Yellow marrow or medullary cavity
2. In infants, this area forms red blood cells so red marrow is found there as well
