Joints

Question 1

What are the 2 classifications of joints?

Answer 1

Structural and Functional

Question 2

What are Structural Joints?

Answer 2

Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial

Question 3

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 3

bones joined by fibrous tissue, no cavity present
eg sutures
immovable

Question 4

What are cartilaginous Joints?

Answer 4

articulating bones are united with cartilage, no cavity present
Not highly movable
eg. rib to sternum joints
pubic symphysis

Question 5

What are Synovial Joints?

Answer 5

joints where articulating bones are separated by a fluuid containing joint cavity
freely movable
nearly all joints of the limbs fall into this category

Question 6

What are the 6 features of synovial joints?

Answer 6

Articular Cartilage - Hyaline cartilage covering bone surface (Absorb compression)
Joint Cavity - potential space that contains synovial fluid
Articular Capsule - 2 layers of fibrous tissue that enclose the joint cavity
Synovial Fluid -
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and blodd vessell - richly supplied

Question 7

what are the sic types of synovial joints?

Answer 7

Plane - gliding movement (intervertebral, intercarpel)
Hinge - (elbow)
Pivot - rotation  (atlas and axis)
Condylar - (wrist)
Saddle - (thumb)
Ball and Socket -  (shoulder)

Question 8

What are the movements allowed by synovial joints? (Body)

Answer 8

Gliding movement (wrist)
Flexion - to contract the muscle
Extension - to relax the muscle
Hyperextension- to extend the muscle
abduction - to move away from the body
adduction - to move towards the body
Circumduction - to move in circular motions
Rotaion

Question 9

What are the movements allowed by synovial joints? (Head, wrist and Feet)

Answer 9

Pronation (palm up, palm down)
Dorsiflexion - (toes to calf)
Plantar flexion - (Toes to floor)
Inversion - (toes to medial line)
Eversion - (toes to lateral line)
Protraction and retraction - mandible (moving forward anteriorly)
Elevation and depression - mandible )moving up and down
Opposition - (thumb touching finger

Question 10

Which joints support NONAXIAL movement?

Answer 10

Plane joint

Question 11

Which joints support UNIAXIAL movement?

Answer 11

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Question 12

Which joints support BIAXIAL movement?

Answer 12

Condylar Joints

Saddle Joints

Question 13

Which joints support MULTIAXIAL movement?

Answer 13

Ball and Socket Joints