Axial Skeleton

Question 1

The Axial Skeleton can be divided into three groups, what are they?

Answer 1

The Skull
The Vertebral Column
The Bony Thorax

Question 2

The Skull is composed of 2 sets of bones, what are they?

Answer 2

The Cranium - encloses and protects the brain

The Facial Bones -

Question 3

Which is the only bone in the skull not joined by interlocking joints (sutures)?

Answer 3

the Mandible - the only freely movable joint

Question 4

How many bones in the skull?

Answer 4

22
8 Cranial
14 Facial

Question 5

Name the Cranial Bones

Answer 5

Frontal
Perietal
Occipital
temporal

Question 6

Name the Facial Bones

Answer 6

Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Nasal
Vomer
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandible
Nasal Concha
Lacrimal

Question 7

Name the sutures of the cranial bones

Answer 7

Sagittal Suture - donw the medial line
Lambdoid Suture - the transverse suture above the occipital bone
Coronal - the frontal bone suture
Squamous - The temporal bone sutures

Question 8

What is the Mental Foramen ?

Answer 8

Foramen on either side of the mandible

Question 9

What is the Infraorbital Foramen?

Answer 9

Foramen on either side of the maxilla

Question 10

What connects the mandible to the temporal bone

Answer 10

Mastoid Process of the Temporal bone

Question 11

What are the Superior and inferior orbital fissure ?

Answer 11

slit opening on sphenoid bones

Question 12

What are Alveolar Processes ?

Answer 12

Teeth cavities

Question 13

What is the External Accoustic Meatus?

Answer 13

Ear of the temporal bone

Question 14

What is the Crista Galli?

Answer 14

Spine like process on top of the Ethmoid bone

Question 15

What is the Cribiform plate?

Answer 15

Process on either side of the Crista Galli on the Ethmoid bone

Question 16

What are the Jugular Foramen

Answer 16

Foramen on either side of the Foramen Magnum

Question 17

What is the Zygomatic process?

Answer 17

a process found on the temporal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone

Question 18

How many vertebrae are in each column?

Answer 18

Cervical - 7 
(Atlas, Axis, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7)
Thoracic - 12
(t1- t12)
Lumbar - 5 
(L1 - L5)

Question 19

Where is the Hyoid Bone?

Answer 19

inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck. does not articulate directly with any other bone assist with swallowing and speech

Question 20

What are the 4 curvatures of the spine?

Answer 20

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar and Sacral

Question 21

What are the features of a typical Cervical Vertebrae (C3 - C7)?

Answer 21

smallest vertebrae
shorter spineous process - bifid (split at the tip)
each transferse process has a transverse foramen for vertabral arteries

Question 22

What are the identifying features of Vertebrae C1 and C2?

Answer 22

Atlas (C1) - Superior and Inferior Articular Facet for the skull to rest on and articualtion with c2
Axis (C2) - dens for articulation with c1
superior articular facet

Question 23

What are the features of a typical Thoracic Vertebrae?

Answer 23

sites for rib articulation
medium sized
"looks like a giraffe"
spinous process is long and points sharply downwards
Vertebral foramen is circular

Question 24

What are the features of a typical Lumbar Vertebrae?

Answer 24

Make larger body
“looks like a moose”
Spinous processes are short and flat
vertebral foramen is triangular

Question 25

How many Ribs are there?

Answer 25

12 pairs
7 true ribs - attach directly to sternum by individual costal cartilage
4 false ribs - either attach indirectly to sternum or have no attachment
2 floating ribs - no attachment

Question 26

There are 3 notches at the top of the sternum, what are they?

Answer 26

Jugular notch and 2 clavicular notches

Question 27

What makes up the thoracic cage?

Answer 27

Ribs, sternum, Xiphoid Process

Question 28

What connects ribs to sternum?

Answer 28

Costal Cartilage

Question 29

What does the head of a rib articulate with?

Answer 29

The corresponding vertebrae?