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1016MSC Anatomy & Physiology > Bone Structure > Flashcards

Bone Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 functions of bones?

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Red Blood Cell Development
Nutrient Storage
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2
Q

What is compact bone?

A

The smooth, dense outer layer of a bone

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3
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

The softer, honeycomb like collection of osseous tissue internal to the compact bone

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4
Q

what is trabeculae?

A

small needle like or flat piece of bone that make up spongy bone

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5
Q

What are the proximal and distal epiphysis?

A

the rounded ends of a long bone

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6
Q

What is the Diaphysis?

A

the “shaft” of a long bone

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7
Q

what is the Periosteum?

A

a white, double layer membrane that covers the external surface of a long bone, it provides anchoring points for tendons and ligaments. it is richly supplied with nerve fibers and blood vessels

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8
Q

what is the Epiphyseal Line?

A

the remnant of the Epiphyseal plate, a line separating teh proximal epiphysis and the diaphysis

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9
Q

What is endosteum?

A

a delicate connective tissue that covers internal bone surfaces

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10
Q

What is Hematopoietic tissue?

A

red marrow

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11
Q

Where is red marrow typically found?

A

within the trabecular cavities in the spongy bone of long bones and in the diploe of flat bones - called red marrow cavities

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12
Q

What is the Medullary Cavity?

A

The Cavity inside the diaphysis of a long bone aka the yellow marrow cavity in adults

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13
Q

bone markings serve as..?

A

sites for muscle, ligament and tendon attachment; as joint surfaces or as conduits for blood vessels and nerves

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14
Q

What are the types of bone markings?

A

Projections - head, trochanters, spines

Depressions and openings - fossa, sinuses, foramen and grooves

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15
Q

What are the 5 cell types that make up bone tissue?

A 
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Osteocytes
Bone lining cells
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16
Q

What is an Osteogenic Cell?

A

a mitotically active stem cell, found in membranous periosteum and endosteum. When stimulated they differentiate into Osteoblastor bone lining cells while other persist as Osteogenic cell

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17
Q

What is an Osteoblast?

A

a bone forming cell that secrete a bone matrix - responsible for bone growth. actively mitotic. They play a role in matrix calcification. When they become completely surround by the matrix they secrete they become Osteocytes

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18
Q

What is a mitotic cell?

A

a cell that participates in mitosis. the division of a single cell into 2 daughter cells

19
Q

What is a Bone Lining Cell?

A

flat cells found on the bone surface where bone remodelling is not occurring. periosteal or endosteal cells

20
Q

What is an Osteoclast?

A

giant multi-nucleate cells located at sites of bone resorption - breaks down bone

21
Q

What is an Osteocyte?

A

mature bone cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix. Stress or strain sensors, respond to mechanical stimuli and communicate the information to osteoblast and osteoclast cells so that a bone matrix can be made or degraded as necessary to preserve calcium homeostasis

22
Q

What is Ossification?

A

the process of bone formation

23
Q

what is endochondral ossification?

A

Before week 8 the skeleton of the human body is entirely hyaline cartilage and fibrous membrane. Endochondral ossification I bone that develops by replacing hyaline cartilage. All bones below the base of the skull except the Clavical are formed by endochondral ossification

24
Q

What is intramembranous ossification ?

A

Before week 8 the skeleton of the human body is entirely hyaline cartilage and fibrous membrane. Intramembraneous ossification is bone that develops by replacing fibrous membrane. Forms cranial bones and clavical. Most bones are flat

25
Q

Approximately when do epiphyseal plates close?

A

During adolescence

26
Q

Bone Marking What is Tuberosity?

A

Large rounded projections, may be roughened

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

27
Q

Bone Marking What is a Crest?

A

Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

28
Q

Bone Marking What is a Trachanter

A

Very large, blunt, irregular shaped process. Only examples are on the femur

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

29
Q

Bone Marking What is a Line?

A

Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

30
Q

Bone Marking What is a Tubercle?

A

Small round projection or process

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

31
Q

Bone Marking What is a epicondyle?

A

Raised area on or above a condyle

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

32
Q

Bone Marking What is a Spine?

A

Sharp slender often pointed projection

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

33
Q

Bone Marking What is a Process

A

Any bony prominence

Projection that are sites for muscle and ligament attachments

34
Q

Bone Marking What is a Head?

A

Bone Expansion carried on a narrow neck

Projection the helps to form joints

35
Q

Bone Marking What is a Facet?

A

Smooth nearly flat articular surface

Projection the helps to form joints

36
Q

Bone Marking What is a Condyle?

A

Rounded articular projection

Projection the helps to form joints

37
Q

Bone Marking What is a Ramus?

A

Armlike bar of a bone

Projection the helps to form joints

38
Q

Bone Marking What is a Groove?

A

a Furrow

Depressions and Openings

39
Q

Bone Marking What is a Fissure?

A

A narrow slit like opening

Depressions and Openings

40
Q

Bone Marking What is a Foramen?

A

Round or oval opening through a bone

Depressions and Openings

41
Q

Bone Marking What is a Notch?

A

Indentation at the edge of a structure

Depressions and Openings

42
Q

Bone Marking What is a Meatus?

A

Canal- like passageway

Depressions and Openings

43
Q

Bone Marking What is a Sinus?

A

Cavity within a bone, filled with air lined with mucous membrane

Depressions and Openings

44
Q

Bone Marking What is a Fossa?

A

Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Depressions and Openings

1016MSC Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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