Joints Flashcards
What are Joints?
Joints
- Points where bones meet
- Classification
- Structurally: by their anatomy
- Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
- Functionally: by the degree of movement they permit
- Immovable, slightly movable and freely movable
- Structurally: by their anatomy
Composition of fibrous joints
Fibrous Joints
- Inner compact bone
- Spongy bone
- Outer compact bone
- Coronal suture
Suture between skull bones
Explain Syndesmosis
Syndesmosis (Fibrous joint)
a joint in which the bones are united by fibrous connective tissue forming an interosseous membrane or ligament.
Explain Cartilaginous Joints.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Synchondrosis (synarthrosis)
- Cartilage connects two areas of bone
- Example
- Epiphyseal (growth) plate connecting epiphysis and diaphysis of long bone (synarthrosis)
- Symphysis (amphiarthrosos)
- Cartilage connects two bones, but a broad disc of fibrocartilage is present also
- Examples: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
Explain the structures of Synovial Joints.
Synovial Joints: Structure
- Synovial cavity: space containing fluid
- Articular cartilage
- Covers ends of bones, absorbs shock
- Articular capsule
- Inner layer: synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid (reduces friction, supplies nutrients)
- Outer layer: dense, irregular connective tissue
List some elements that may be included in the structure of Synovial Joints.
Synovial Joints: Structure
- In some cases synovial joints include:
- Ligaments (either inside or outside of joint cavity)
- Menisci (cartilage discs)
- Articular fat pads
- Bursae
- Sacs made of synovial membranes containing fluid
- Located where friction can occur
- Examples: between skin-bone, tendons-bones, muscles-bones, ligaments-bones
Explain different movements of joints.
Movement of Joints
- Abduction
- Movement of bone away from midline
- Adduction
- Movement of bone toward midline
- Rotation
- Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Explain Atlanto-axial joint.
Atlanto-axial joint.
Elbow joint movement.
Elbow joint movement.
Name some Common Disorders/Injuries of Joints.
Common Disorders of Joints
- Common joint injuries
- Rotator cuff injury
- Separated shoulder
- Tennis elbow
- Dislocation of the radial head
- Knee injuries: swollen knee, rupture of tibial collateral ligaments, dislocated knee
- Rheumatism: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis
- Ligaments shorten and lose flexibility
- Influenced by genetic factors
Explain Arthrithis.
Arthrithis
Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In some types other organs are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden.
The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips.
Explain Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet.
What is Arthrosis?
Arthrosis
Arthrosis is another name for Osteiarthritis, one type of arthritis. It’s the most common type of arthritis. It’s caused by normal wear and tear on your joints and cartilage.
What is Distorsion?
Distorsion= ligament injuries/ stukning (sv)
What is Luxation?
Luxation = Dislocation
Explain Tendon.
Tendon
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.
What is Dupuytren´s contracture?
Dupuytren´s contracture
Dupuytren’s contracture is a flexioncontracture of the hand due to a palmar fibromatosis, in which the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended (straightened). It is an inherited proliferative connective tissue disorder that involves the hand’s palmar fascia. It is named after Baron Guillaume Dupuytren, the surgeon who described an operation to correct the affliction.
Dupuytren’s contracture is treated with procedures to help straighten the fingers, but this does not cure the underlying disease. Contractures often return or involve other fingers.
