Joints Flashcards
Joints consist of ___ bones united by cartilaginous, fibrous, or ____ tissue. The 3 main types of joints (based on tissues that connect to the bones) are:
2+
elastic
- Synovial joints (diarthrosis)- freely movable.[6][9] All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints (e.g., shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, etc.), and the terms “diarthrosis” and “synovial joint” are considered equivalent
- Fibrous joints (snyarthrosis)-permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints (e.g., skull sutures).
- Cartilaginous joints (synhondrosis)- permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joints (e.g., intervertebral discs).
Some joints are combinations, such as the sacroiliac and the tibiofibular joints, which consis of synovial and fibrous types.
Configurations of synovial joints?
Motion allowed by synovial joints?
All have a “joint cavity, synovial fluid and articular cartilage)
Ball and socket, hinge, condylar, and pivot
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, and rotation
Some synovial joints contain a meniscus and ligaments (examples?)
Joint capsule has an outer layer of ____ tissue with an inner _____ membrane.
Ends of articulating bones are dense and covered with _____ carilage.
Examples of synovial articulations are:
stifle, temporomandibular joints
fibrous tissue, synovial
hyaline (articular)
Joints of the extremities (e.g. shoulder, stifle, elbow, tarsus)
Articular facet joint os the vertebrae, atlantoaxial joint, articulations b/t the ribs and thoracic vertebrae (costovertebral joints). Articulations b/t the costal cartilages and sternebrae (sternocostal joints). Temporomandibular joint
Fibrous joints (synarthrodial) joints are the least movable bony unions. Often they are NOT visible on survey radiographs (may appear as a thin, less opaque line when the central x-ray beam is _____ to the joint.
Fibrous joints lack a joint _____ and are characterized by 3 types. What are they
Perpendicular
cavity
- suture type joins flat bones of the skull
- Sydesmosis type includes a large amount of intervening connective tissue and is found at attachment of hypoid bones to petrous temporal bone, proximal and distal tibiofibular articulations, and interosseous ligaments b/t the radius and ulna.
- Gomphosis type is formed by periodontal ligament and attaches cementum of each tooth to alveolar bone (not visible on survey radiographs.)
Cartilage joints (synchondroses) consists of two or more bones united by hyaline cartilage or _______.
Hyaline cartilage joints include long bone physes in immature animals, costochondral junctions, and various parts of the fetal skeleton.
Fibrocartilage joints (or _______) contain an intervening plate of cartilage, which may or may not ossify, give examples!
fibrocartilage
amphiarthroses
mandibular symphysis, pelvic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and along sternum
Dog body references
What is the difference b/t valgus and varus?
What are the “common names” for each?
Valgus (Knocked knee) ((lateral))- is a term for outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint.
The opposite condition is called Varus (bow-legged) ((medial)), which is a medial deviation of the distal bone.The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.
A = valgus B = varus
What is the definition of Villonodular synovitis?
Inflammation and abnormal proliferation (hyperplasia) of synovial tissues. Rare in dogs and cats.
What is the difference b/t a sprain and a strain?
Sprain = ligaments
Strains- muscle or tendon
