Joints Flashcards
Arthrokinematics
Joint motion
3 major:
- roll
- slide
- spin
⚠️ motions rarely occur as an isolated, true motion ⚠️
Joints
Categorized by their structure and function
Rolling movement
One joint rolls across the surface of another
Ex: bicycle on a street
Sliding movement
One joints surface slides across another
Ex: tire skidding across street
Spinning movement
One joint surface rotates on another
Ex: twisting off a lid
Synovial joints
Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body.
Compromise approx. 80% of all joints
Greatest capacity for motion
Produce synovial fluid (egg whites) = lubricate joints = reduce wear & tear = smooth
Ex: knee
Types of synovial joints
Gliding (plane) Condyloid Hinge Saddle Pivot Ball-and-socket
Gliding (plane)
Non axial joint that has the simplest movement of all joints.
Moves back and forth or side to side
Ex: in carpals of hand and facet (spine) joints
Condyloid joints (condylar and ellipsoidal)
The condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another bone to form joint.
Movement occurs in one joint (flexion and extension in Sagittal plane) w/ minimal movement in other planes. (Rotation in transverse plane and abduction and addiction in frontal plane)
Ex: in wrist b/w radius and carpals and in joints of fingers, knee
Hinge joint
Uniaxial joint allowing movement predominantly in only the Sagittal plane.
Ex: elbow joint, toe, ankle
Saddle joint
Bone looks like saddle - other bone straddling it like a “rider”
Only found in the carpometacarpal joint in the thumb
Allows movement in Sagittal plane (flexion and extension) & the frontal plane (adduction and abduction) w/ some circular motion
Pivot joints
Allow moment in transverse plane (rotation, pronation, supination)
Found in joint at base of skull and too of spine & radio ulnar joint at elbow
Ball-and-socket joint
Most mobile of the joints.
Allow movement in all three planes
Ex: shoulder and hip
Nonsynovial joints
Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage.
Little to no movement
Ex: skull, distal joint of tibia and fibula, pubic bones
Functions of joints
Allow for motion and movement
Provide stability
⚠️ Movement of one joint directly affections motion of others ⚠️ (kinetic chain movement)
