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0
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial articulation between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the 1st costal cartilage

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1
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

for every 3 degrees of elevation of the arm, approximately 2 degrees occur at the glenohumeral joint and 1 degree at the scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

What is the only articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton?

A

The SC joint

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3
Q

What limits elevation of the pectoral girdle?

A

costoclavicular ligament

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4
Q

What strengthens the SC joint superiorly?

A

the interclavicular ligament

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5
Q

Where is the interclavicular ligament?

A

extends from sternal end of one clavicle to the sternal end of the other clavicle; it is also attached to the superior border of the manubrium

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6
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib and its costal cartilage

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7
Q

What supplies the SC joint?

A

internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

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8
Q

What innervates the SC joint?

A

medial supraclavicular nerve and the subclavian nerve

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9
Q

What is the classification of the AC joint?

A

plane synovial articulation

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10
Q

What joint is extremely strong?

A

SC joint

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11
Q

What joint is relatively weak?

A

AC joint

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12
Q

What joint is relatively unstable?

A

glenohumeral joint

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13
Q

What strengthens the AC joint superiorly?

A

AC ligament

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14
Q

Where is the AC ligament?

A

extends from the acromion to the clavicle

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15
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament do?

A

maintains integrity of AC joint and prevent the acromion from being driven under the clavicle even when the AC joint is separated;
anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula;
suspends scapula and free limb from the clavicle

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16
Q

What are the ligaments of the SC joint?

A

anterior and posterior SC ligaments, interclavicular ligament, and costoclavicular ligament

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17
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A

AC ligament, coracoclavicular ligament (conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament)

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18
Q

Where is the trapezoid ligament?

A

attached to the superior surface of the coracoid process and extends laterally and posteriorly to the trapezoid line on the inferior surface of the clavicle

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19
Q

What supplies the AC joint?

A

suprascapular and thoraco-acromial arteries

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20
Q

What innervates the AC joint?

A

supraclavicular, lateral pectoral, and axillary nerves

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21
Q

What is the classification of the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball-and-socket, synovial joint

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22
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, and coraco-acromial ligament

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23
Q

What strengthens the anterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint capsule?

A

glenohumeral ligaments

24
What strengthens the glenohumeral joint capsule superiorly?
coracohumeral ligament
25
Where is the coracohumeral ligament?
passes from the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle
26
What does the transverse humeral ligament do?
converts intertubercular sulcus into a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and its synovial sheath
27
Where is the transverse humeral ligament?
runs from the greater to the lesser tubercle, bridging over the intertubercular sulcus
28
What is the coraco-acromial arch?
extrinsic, protective structure formed by the smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and coracoid process
29
What does the coraco-acromial arch do?
prevents superior displacement of humerus from the glenoid cavity
30
What is contracted to prevent further abduction of the humerus without rotation?
coraco-acromial arch
31
What is ankylosis?
stiffening or fixation of the joints
32
What are shunt muscles?
act to resist dislocation without producing movement at the joint, or maintain the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
33
What supplies the glenohumeral joint?
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and branches of the suprascapular artery
34
What innervates the glenohumeral joint?
suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves
35
What joints perform extension of the elbow?
Humero-ulnar and humeroradial
36
What joints produce flexion of the elbow?
Humero-ulnar and humeroradial
37
What joints produce pronation?
Humeroradial, proximal radio-ulnar, distal radio-ulnar, and the interosseous membrane
38
What joints produce supination?
Humeroradial, proximal radio-ulnar, and distal radio-ulnar
39
What classification is the distal radio-ulnar joint?
Synovial, pivot joint
40
What is the main uniting structure of the distal radio-ulnar joint?
Articular disc
41
What joint cavity is L-shaped?
Distal radio-ulnar
42
What innervates the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Musculotaneous, median, and radial nerves
43
Pronation is essentially the function of the ____ nerve, whereas supination if the function of the ______.
Median; musculotaneous and radial nerves
44
What joints are formed by the carpus?
Radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints
45
What is the classification of the elbow joint?
hinge synovial joint
46
What is the classification of the radiocarpal joint?
condyloid synovial joint
46
What is the classification of the intercarpal joint?
plane synovial
46
What is the classification of the carpometacarpal joints of the fingers?
plane synovial
46
What is the classification of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
saddle synovial
46
What is the classification of the intermetacarpal joints?
plane synovial
47
What movements occur at the radiocarpal joint?
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction
48
What movements occur at the intercarpal joints?
small amount of gliding; flexion and abduction of hand
49
What movements occur at carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints?
flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of CMC joint of 1st digit
50
The radiocarpal, intercarapl, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints are innervated by what nerve?
anterior interosseous branch of median nerve, posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve, and dorsal and deep branches of ulnar nerve
51
What is the classification of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
condyloid synovial
52
What is the classification of the interphalangeal joints?
hinge synovial
53
The metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints are innervated by what nerve?
digital nerves arising from ulnar and median nerves

Upper Limb (8 decks)

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