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Upper Limb > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

0
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial articulation between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the 1st costal cartilage

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1
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

for every 3 degrees of elevation of the arm, approximately 2 degrees occur at the glenohumeral joint and 1 degree at the scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

What is the only articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton?

A

The SC joint

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3
Q

What limits elevation of the pectoral girdle?

A

costoclavicular ligament

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4
Q

What strengthens the SC joint superiorly?

A

the interclavicular ligament

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5
Q

Where is the interclavicular ligament?

A

extends from sternal end of one clavicle to the sternal end of the other clavicle; it is also attached to the superior border of the manubrium

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6
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib and its costal cartilage

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7
Q

What supplies the SC joint?

A

internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

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8
Q

What innervates the SC joint?

A

medial supraclavicular nerve and the subclavian nerve

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9
Q

What is the classification of the AC joint?

A

plane synovial articulation

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10
Q

What joint is extremely strong?

A

SC joint

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11
Q

What joint is relatively weak?

A

AC joint

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12
Q

What joint is relatively unstable?

A

glenohumeral joint

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13
Q

What strengthens the AC joint superiorly?

A

AC ligament

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14
Q

Where is the AC ligament?

A

extends from the acromion to the clavicle

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15
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament do?

A

maintains integrity of AC joint and prevent the acromion from being driven under the clavicle even when the AC joint is separated;
anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula;
suspends scapula and free limb from the clavicle

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16
Q

What are the ligaments of the SC joint?

A

anterior and posterior SC ligaments, interclavicular ligament, and costoclavicular ligament

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17
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A

AC ligament, coracoclavicular ligament (conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament)

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18
Q

Where is the trapezoid ligament?

A

attached to the superior surface of the coracoid process and extends laterally and posteriorly to the trapezoid line on the inferior surface of the clavicle

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19
Q

What supplies the AC joint?

A

suprascapular and thoraco-acromial arteries

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20
Q

What innervates the AC joint?

A

supraclavicular, lateral pectoral, and axillary nerves

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21
Q

What is the classification of the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball-and-socket, synovial joint

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22
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, and coraco-acromial ligament

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23
Q

What strengthens the anterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint capsule?

A

glenohumeral ligaments

24
Q

What strengthens the glenohumeral joint capsule superiorly?

A

coracohumeral ligament

25
Q

Where is the coracohumeral ligament?

A

passes from the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle

26
Q

What does the transverse humeral ligament do?

A

converts intertubercular sulcus into a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and its synovial sheath

27
Q

Where is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

runs from the greater to the lesser tubercle, bridging over the intertubercular sulcus

28
Q

What is the coraco-acromial arch?

A

extrinsic, protective structure formed by the smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and coracoid process

29
Q

What does the coraco-acromial arch do?

A

prevents superior displacement of humerus from the glenoid cavity

30
Q

What is contracted to prevent further abduction of the humerus without rotation?

A

coraco-acromial arch

31
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

stiffening or fixation of the joints

32
Q

What are shunt muscles?

A

act to resist dislocation without producing movement at the joint, or maintain the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

33
Q

What supplies the glenohumeral joint?

A

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and branches of the suprascapular artery

34
Q

What innervates the glenohumeral joint?

A

suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves

35
Q

What joints perform extension of the elbow?

A

Humero-ulnar and humeroradial

36
Q

What joints produce flexion of the elbow?

A

Humero-ulnar and humeroradial

37
Q

What joints produce pronation?

A

Humeroradial, proximal radio-ulnar, distal radio-ulnar, and the interosseous membrane

38
Q

What joints produce supination?

A

Humeroradial, proximal radio-ulnar, and distal radio-ulnar

39
Q

What classification is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Synovial, pivot joint

40
Q

What is the main uniting structure of the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Articular disc

41
Q

What joint cavity is L-shaped?

A

Distal radio-ulnar

42
Q

What innervates the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Musculotaneous, median, and radial nerves

43
Q

Pronation is essentially the function of the ____ nerve, whereas supination if the function of the ______.

A

Median; musculotaneous and radial nerves

44
Q

What joints are formed by the carpus?

A

Radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints

45
Q

What is the classification of the elbow joint?

A

hinge synovial joint

46
Q

What is the classification of the radiocarpal joint?

A

condyloid synovial joint

46
Q

What is the classification of the intercarpal joint?

A

plane synovial

46
Q

What is the classification of the carpometacarpal joints of the fingers?

A

plane synovial

46
Q

What is the classification of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

A

saddle synovial

46
Q

What is the classification of the intermetacarpal joints?

A

plane synovial

47
Q

What movements occur at the radiocarpal joint?

A

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction

48
Q

What movements occur at the intercarpal joints?

A

small amount of gliding; flexion and abduction of hand

49
Q

What movements occur at carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints?

A

flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of CMC joint of 1st digit

50
Q

The radiocarpal, intercarapl, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints are innervated by what nerve?

A

anterior interosseous branch of median nerve, posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve, and dorsal and deep branches of ulnar nerve

51
Q

What is the classification of the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

condyloid synovial

52
Q

What is the classification of the interphalangeal joints?

A

hinge synovial

53
Q

The metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints are innervated by what nerve?

A

digital nerves arising from ulnar and median nerves

Upper Limb (8 decks)

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