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Upper Limb > Hand > Flashcards

Hand Flashcards

0
Q

Where is the thenar eminence located?

A

the base of the thumb

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1
Q

What are the two eminences of the palmar aspect of the hand?

A

thenar eminence and hypothenar eminence

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2
Q

Where is the hypothenar eminence located?

A

proximal to the base of the 5th finger

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3
Q

What are fibrous digital sheaths?

A

ligamentous tubes that enclose the flexor tendon(s) and the synovial sheaths that surround them

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4
Q

Where is the medial fibrous septum located?

A

extends deeply from the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis to the 5th metacarpal

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5
Q

Where is the hypothenar compartment located?

A

medial to the medial fibrous septum

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6
Q

Where is the lateral fibrous septum located?

A

extends deeply from the lateral border of the palmer aponeurosis to the 3rd metacarpal; between the thenar and midpalmar space

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7
Q

Where is the thenar compartment located?

A

lateral to the lateral fibrous septum

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8
Q

Where is the central compartment located?

A

between the hypothenar and thenar compartments

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9
Q

What does the central compartment contain?

A

flexor tendons and their sheaths, the lumbrical muscles, the superficial palmar arterial arch, and the digital vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What is the deepest muscular plane of the palm?

A

adductor compartment

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11
Q

What is located in thenar compartment?

A

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis

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12
Q

What is located in the hypothenar compartment?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi

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13
Q

What is located in the adductor compartment?

A

adductor pollicis

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14
Q

What is chiefly responsible for opposition of the thumb?

A

thenar muscles

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15
Q

What muscles are responsible for abduction of the thumb?

A

APL and APB

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for adduction of the thumb?

A

adductor pollicis and 1st dorsal interosseous

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17
Q

What muscles are responsible for extension of the thumb?

A

EPL, EPB, and APL

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18
Q

What muscles are responsible for flexion of the thumb?

A

FPL and FPB

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19
Q

What muscles are responsible for opposition of the thumb?

A

opponens pollicis

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20
Q

What does the palmaris brevis do?

A

deepens hollow of palm; aids palmar grip; covers and protects the ulnar nerve and artery

21
Q

Where are the dorsal interosseous muscles located?

A

between the metacarpals

22
Q

Where are palmar interosseous muscles located?

A

on the palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals

23
Q

What muscles abduct the fingers?

A

dorsal interossei

24
Q

What muscles adduct the fingers?

A

palmar interossei

25
Q

The short muscles of the hand produce what motions?

A

flexion at the metacarpophalengeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints

26
Q

What prevents tendons from pulling away from the digits (bow-stringing)?

A

fibrous digital sheaths

27
Q

What is the tendinous chiasm?

A

split in the FDS tendon

28
Q

The tendons of the ____ and the ____ enter the common flexor sheath.

A

FDS; FDP

29
Q

The fibrous digital sheaths attach to the bones to form what structures?

A

osseofibrous tunnels

30
Q

What are anular and cruciform ligaments of the fibrous sheath?

A

thickened reinforcements of the sheaths

31
Q

Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand?

A

anterior to the flexor retinaculum between the pisiform and hook of hamate via the ulnar canal

32
Q

What is the main contributor to the superficial palmar arch?

A

ulnar artery

33
Q

The deep palmar branch arises from what vessel?

A

ulnar artery

34
Q

The superficial palmar arch gives rise to three ________ that anastomose with _________ from the deep palmar arch.

A

common palmar digital arteries; palmar metacarpal arteries

35
Q

The common palmar digital artery divides into what?

A

proper palmar digital arteries

36
Q

Where do the proper palmar digital arteries run?

A

along the adjacent sides of the 2nd to 4th fingers

37
Q

Where does the radial artery enter the palm?

A

between the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle

38
Q

Where does the radial artery end?

A

anastomosing with the deep branch of the ulnar artery to form the deep palmar arch

39
Q

What arises from the deep palmar arch?

A

three palmar metacarpal arteries and the princeps pollicis artery

40
Q

Where is the radialis indicis artery?

A

passes along the lateral side of the index finger

41
Q

What forms the dorsal venous network?

A

the dorsal digital veins drain into three dorsal metacarpal veins

42
Q

The ____ vein originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network and the _____ vein from the medial side.

A

cephalic; basilic

43
Q

What nerves supply the hand?

A

median, ulnar, and radial

44
Q

Where does the median nerve enter the hand?

A

through the carpal tunnel, deep to the flexor retinaculum;

along with the tendons of the FDS, FDP, and FPL

45
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium, laterally, and the pisiform and hook of hamate, medially

46
Q

What does the median nerve supply?

A

two and a half thenar muscles and the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

47
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel.

A

False

48
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

A

deep to the tendon of FCU, through the ulnar canal, and along the lateral border of the pisiform

49
Q

What is referred to as the nerve of fine movements?

A

ulnar nerve

50
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates what joints?

A

wrist, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal

51
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

The radial nerve supplies no hand muscles.

A

True

Upper Limb (8 decks)

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