Hand Flashcards
Where is the thenar eminence located?
the base of the thumb
What are the two eminences of the palmar aspect of the hand?
thenar eminence and hypothenar eminence
Where is the hypothenar eminence located?
proximal to the base of the 5th finger
What are fibrous digital sheaths?
ligamentous tubes that enclose the flexor tendon(s) and the synovial sheaths that surround them
Where is the medial fibrous septum located?
extends deeply from the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis to the 5th metacarpal
Where is the hypothenar compartment located?
medial to the medial fibrous septum
Where is the lateral fibrous septum located?
extends deeply from the lateral border of the palmer aponeurosis to the 3rd metacarpal; between the thenar and midpalmar space
Where is the thenar compartment located?
lateral to the lateral fibrous septum
Where is the central compartment located?
between the hypothenar and thenar compartments
What does the central compartment contain?
flexor tendons and their sheaths, the lumbrical muscles, the superficial palmar arterial arch, and the digital vessels and nerves
What is the deepest muscular plane of the palm?
adductor compartment
What is located in thenar compartment?
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis
What is located in the hypothenar compartment?
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi
What is located in the adductor compartment?
adductor pollicis
What is chiefly responsible for opposition of the thumb?
thenar muscles
What muscles are responsible for abduction of the thumb?
APL and APB
What muscles are responsible for adduction of the thumb?
adductor pollicis and 1st dorsal interosseous
What muscles are responsible for extension of the thumb?
EPL, EPB, and APL
What muscles are responsible for flexion of the thumb?
FPL and FPB
What muscles are responsible for opposition of the thumb?
opponens pollicis
What does the palmaris brevis do?
deepens hollow of palm; aids palmar grip; covers and protects the ulnar nerve and artery
Where are the dorsal interosseous muscles located?
between the metacarpals
Where are palmar interosseous muscles located?
on the palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
What muscles abduct the fingers?
dorsal interossei
What muscles adduct the fingers?
palmar interossei
The short muscles of the hand produce what motions?
flexion at the metacarpophalengeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints
What prevents tendons from pulling away from the digits (bow-stringing)?
fibrous digital sheaths
What is the tendinous chiasm?
split in the FDS tendon
The tendons of the ____ and the ____ enter the common flexor sheath.
FDS; FDP
The fibrous digital sheaths attach to the bones to form what structures?
osseofibrous tunnels
What are anular and cruciform ligaments of the fibrous sheath?
thickened reinforcements of the sheaths
Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand?
anterior to the flexor retinaculum between the pisiform and hook of hamate via the ulnar canal
What is the main contributor to the superficial palmar arch?
ulnar artery
The deep palmar branch arises from what vessel?
ulnar artery
The superficial palmar arch gives rise to three ________ that anastomose with _________ from the deep palmar arch.
common palmar digital arteries; palmar metacarpal arteries
The common palmar digital artery divides into what?
proper palmar digital arteries
Where do the proper palmar digital arteries run?
along the adjacent sides of the 2nd to 4th fingers
Where does the radial artery enter the palm?
between the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle
Where does the radial artery end?
anastomosing with the deep branch of the ulnar artery to form the deep palmar arch
What arises from the deep palmar arch?
three palmar metacarpal arteries and the princeps pollicis artery
Where is the radialis indicis artery?
passes along the lateral side of the index finger
What forms the dorsal venous network?
the dorsal digital veins drain into three dorsal metacarpal veins
The ____ vein originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network and the _____ vein from the medial side.
cephalic; basilic
What nerves supply the hand?
median, ulnar, and radial
Where does the median nerve enter the hand?
through the carpal tunnel, deep to the flexor retinaculum;
along with the tendons of the FDS, FDP, and FPL
What is the carpal tunnel?
passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium, laterally, and the pisiform and hook of hamate, medially
What does the median nerve supply?
two and a half thenar muscles and the 1st and 2nd lumbricals
TRUE or FALSE?
The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel.
False
Where does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?
deep to the tendon of FCU, through the ulnar canal, and along the lateral border of the pisiform
What is referred to as the nerve of fine movements?
ulnar nerve
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates what joints?
wrist, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal
TRUE or FALSE?
The radial nerve supplies no hand muscles.
True
