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Forearm Flashcards

0
Q

What holds the tendons of most of the flexor muscles in place?

A

palmar carpal ligament and the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

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1
Q

What group of muscles are in the anterior part of the forearm?

A

flexor-pronator muscles

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2
Q

What flexor muscles are part of the superficial layer?

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmar longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris

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3
Q

What is the common flexor origin?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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4
Q

What flexor muscles are part of the intermediate layer?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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5
Q

What flexor muscles are part of the deep layer?

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

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6
Q

Which muscles do not cross the elbow joint?

A

the three deep flexor muscles; flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

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7
Q

What is the prime mover for pronation?

A

pronator quadratus

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8
Q

The ___ flexes the fingers during slow action; this action is reinforced by the ___ when speed and flexion and resistance is required.

A

FDP; FDS

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Long flexor muscles of the fingers are more efficient when the wrist is flexed.

A

False

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10
Q

What muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

extensor muscles

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11
Q

All extensor muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

radial

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12
Q

What muscles extend and abduct or adduct the wrist joint?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris

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13
Q

What muscles extend the medial four digits?

A

extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, and extensor digiti minimi

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14
Q

What muscles extend or abduct the thumb?

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus

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15
Q

What does the extensor retinaculum do?

A

holds the extensor tendons in place; prevents bowstringing of tendons during wrist extension

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16
Q

What do synovial tendon sheaths do?

A

reduce friction for extensor tendons

17
Q

What are the superficial extensors of the forearm?

A

Brachiradialis, ECRL, ECRB, extensor digitorum, EDM, and ECU

18
Q

What superficial extensors are commonly attached by a common extensor tendon to the lateral epicondyle?

A

ECRB, extensor digitorum, EDM, and ECU

19
Q

What superficial extensor muscles are attached to the lateral supraepicondylar ridge of the humerus and the adjacent lateral intermuscular septum?

A

Brachioradialis and ECRL

20
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

No finger can remain fully flexed as the other ones are fully extended.

21
Q

What are the deep extensor muscles of the forearm?

A

APL, EPB, EPL

22
Q

What are the outcropping muscles?

A

Deep extensor muscles; APL, EPB, EPL, and extensor indicis

23
Q

What are the lateral borders of the snuff box?

A

The tendons of the APL and the EPB

24
Q

What is the medial border of the snuff box?

A

Tendon of the EPL

25
Q

What structures are at the floor of the snuff box?

A

The radial artery, scaphoid, and trapezium

26
Q

What restricts independent extension of the fingers?

A

Intertendinous connctions

27
Q

What are the major nerves of the forearm?

A

Median, ulnar, and radial nerves

28
Q

What is the principal nerve of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median nerve

29
Q

What is the major branch of the median nerve?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

30
Q

What are the main arteries of the forearm?

A

Ulnar and radial arteries

31
Q

Where can pulsations of the ulnar artery be palpated?

A

Lateral side of the FCU tendon

32
Q

Where can pulsations of the radial artery be palpated?

A

Distal radius between the tendons of FCR and APL

33
Q

What is the origin of the anterior interosseous nerve?

A

median nerve in distal part of cubital fossa

34
Q

What is the origin of the palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve?

A

median nerve of middle to distal forearm, proximal to flexor retinaculum

35
Q

What is the origin of the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

ulnar nerve near middle of forearm

36
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve?

A

ulnar nerve in distal half of forearm

37
Q

What is the origin of the posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm?

A

radial nerve, as it transverses radial groove of posterior humerus

38
Q

What is the origin of the superficial branch of radial nerve?

A

sensory terminal branch of radial nerve, in cubital fossa

39
Q

What is the origin of the deep branch of radial/posterior interosseous nerve?

A

motor terminal branch of radial nerve, in cubital fossa

40
Q

What is the origin of the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm?

A

continuation of muscultaneous nerve distal to muscular branches

41
Q

What is the origin of the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm?

A

medial cord of brachial plexus, receiving C8 and T1 fibers

Upper Limb (8 decks)

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