Joints Flashcards
1
Q
Sacroiliac Joint is what between?
A
rigid articulation between auricular surfaces of Ilia and scarum
2
Q
covered in:
A
hyaline cartilage
3
Q
children display typical
A
synovial joint
4
Q
puberty hits and it becomes:
A
modified amphiarthrodial (fibrocartliage)
5
Q
the joint surface becomes:
A
rugose- roughed
6
Q
Rugose does what?
A
increases congruence and restricting ROM
7
Q
SI joint function
A
stable base for load transfer from axial skeleton to lower limbs
8
Q
SI joint motion limited to
A
Sagittal plane
9
Q
Nutation
A
NOD
anterior tilt of sacral base relative to ilim
10
Q
Counternutation
A
posterior tilt of the sacral base relative to ilium
11
Q
Primary SI Jt ligaments
A
Anterior SI Ligament
Interosseous SI Ligament
Posterior SI Ligament
12
Q
Secondary Ligaments
A
Sacrotuberous
Sacrospinous
13
Q
ST and SSP do what?
A
transfer weight of axial skeleton to hip joint during weight bearing
help limit AXIAL ROTATION of sacrum on ilium with weight transmission
14
Q
Hip joint is what?
A
synovial
ball & socket
15
Q
3 degrees of freedom
A
flex/exten
AB/AD
Inter/Extern rotation
16
Q
reinforced by:
A
strong fibrous capsule
capsular ligaments
labrum
dynamic musculature
17
Q
angle of inclination
A
line between shaft of femur and long axis of the femoral neck & head
18
Q
normal inclination
A
125 degrees
19
Q
coxa vara
A
DECREASED angle of inclination (frontal plane)
20
Q
coxa valga
A
INCREASED angle of inclination (frontal plane)
21
Q
femoral torsion
A
relative rotation between shaft of femur and neck
22
Q
line is drawn between:
A
long axis of the femoral neck and
line between posterior aspects of the femoral condyles and transverse plane
23
Q
normal torsion
A
12-15 degrees
24
Q
anteversion
A
abnormal increase in the angle
25
retroversion
abnormal decrease in angle
26
excessive anteversion results in:
Toeing IN
27
excessive retroversion:
Toeing OUT
28
Acetabulum Labrum is:
fibrocartilaginous
29
and attaches from:
bony rim of acetabulum
30
blends with:
Transverse acetabular ligament
31
Ligament of the Head of the Femur from to
from acetabulum notch and transverse ace tabular ligament to
fovea on femoral head
no importance in adults
32
ligamentum teres provides:
primary pathway form secondary blood supply: acetabuluar branch of Obturator artery
33
capsular ligaments of the hip
Iliofemoral lig
Ishiofemoral lig
pubofemoral lig
34
Iliofemoral lig
strongest
| taught in full extension and external rotation
35
Ishiofemoral lig
internal rotation and extension
| full adduction
36
closed packed position of the hip
full hip extension
slight ABduction
Internal rotation
37
position of greatest articular congruence
| capsule lig are slack
90 Flexion
ABduction
External rotation
38
non weight bearing (open/free distal segment) arthrokin
convex femoral head moves on fixed concave acetabulum
39
weight bearing (closed) arthrokin
concave acetabulum moves on fixed convex femoral head
40
hip aBduction open chain
superior roll and inferior glide of convex head of femur on fixed concave acetabulum
41
the Knee joint is the
largest synovial joint
42
the bony articulations of the knee is between
femoral condyles and articular tibia condyles
&
femur and patella
43
medial knee joint capsule blends with
fibers from MCL and inferior bands with medial meniscus
44
anterior Knee joint capsule attaches to:
| and is reinforced by
margins of the patella
| tendinous expansions of VL and VM and IT band
45
posterior knee joint capsule reinforced by
oblique popliteal lig
46
patella retinaculum ligaments run:
| and from:
longitudinally and transversely from margins of patella to Tibia and femur
47
participating structures of patella retinaculum
deep fascia of leg
| fibers from MCL and fibrous jt cap
48
ligaments that stabilize retinaculum
```
meniscofemoral
meniscotibial
patellofemoral
patellomeniscal
patellotibial
```
49
trauma to patellar retinaculum results in
patellar instability
50
tightness in patella retinaculum results in
pressure or patellofemoral OA
51
Tibiofemoral joint is:
bicondylar
synovial
sliding hinge
52
internal and external rotation is only allowed when
knee is flexed and prohibited in full extension
53
medial femoral condyle
larger surface area and extends more distally
54
medial tibial plateau
larger thicker articular cartilage
55
intercondylar region
site of attachment for several important structures
56
these important structures are
six distinct facets for ACL and PCL
| medial and lateral menisci
57
the tubercles of the intercondylar eminence provide
an important bony locking mechanism for the knee in extension
58
menisci are
fibrocartilaginous discs
59
medial meniscus is shaped:
ovoid
60
lateral meni is shaped:
circular
61
meni are anchored to:
| by the:
intercondylar region of tibia
| by the horns
62
runs between anterior edges to unit them anteriorly
transverse ligaments
63
attach the external edge of each meni to tibia and adjacent fib. jt cap.
coronary (meniscotibial) ligaments
64
meniscal function is to
deepen the tibial articular surfaces to improve joint congruency
65
the main function is for
shock absorption and reduce the contact pressures
66
compression forces at knee durng walking is
1.3x bw
67
compression forces during deep knee bend is
7.8x bw
68
the anterior wedge shape portions:
limit hyperextension at the knee
69
internal surface of fibrous capsule is lined with
synovial membrane
70
developmental extensions of the synovial membrane are
bursa and Plica
71
Plica are
remnants of synovial membrane clinically important
72
most important is
medial plica
73
the largest fat pads are associated with
suprapatellar bursae and deep infrapatellar bursa
74
attachments of MCL
medial epicondyle of femur to proximal tibia
75
the MCL has two portions
extracapsular portion and capsular portion
76
the extra capsular portion is oriented:
and is _____ to joint capsule
blends with:
vertically
anterior and superficial to jt cap
patellar retinaculum
77
capsular porition is oriented:
| and is _____ to capusle
obliquely
| posterior
78
the capsular portion of MCL blends and attaches to:
jt cap
retinaculum
medial menisus
tendon of semimembranosus
79
MCL resist
Valgus force
80
it also resist _____ when knee is flexed
axial rotation
81
attachments of LCL
lateral epicondyle of femur to fibular head
82
the LCL is entirely ______
extracapsular with no meniscal attachment
83
the _____ is posterior to LCL
subpopliteal recess
84
LCL limits
Varus force and axial rotation with flexed knee
85
the cruciate ligaments are considered intracapsular because they are
lined with synovial lining
86
however they are considered extracapsular because
much of their surfaces lie outside the membrane between the synovial membrane and jt cap
87
primary resistance to
anterior posterior shear between femur and tibia
88
ACL runs from
anterior intercondylar region of tibial plateau
89
ACL runs to
medial side of lateral femoral condyle
90
it resist ______ of tibia on fixed femur
excessive anterior translation
91
it resist _____ of femur on fixed tibia
excessive posterior translation
92
it also resist extreme
valgus
varus
axial rotation
93
ACL become increasingly taut with greater
extension
94
PCL runs from
posterior intercondylar region of tibia
95
PCL runs to
lateral side of the medal femoral condyle
96
PCL fibers become increasingly taut with more
knee flexion
97
limits _______ of tibia of fixed femur
excessive posterior translation
98
limits ______ of femur on fixed tibia
excessive anterior translation
99
secondary restraint to
varus
valgus
excessive knee axial rotation
100
locking of a fixed femur there is _______ rotation of tibia
external rotation
101
locking of a fixed tibia there is ______ oration of the femur
internal rotation
102
the knee is a ______ joint
hinge joint
103
the patellofemoral joint is formed by:
deep surface of the patella and intercondylar groove of the femur
104
the patella is the ____ bone in the body
largest
105
functions of the patella
protects the anterior knee joint
| acts as a pulley
106
the patella pulley is to:
alter the mechanical advantage of quadriceps
107
the patella pulley does:
increases internal moment arm so increase the torque of quadriceps
108
the neutral position of the knee is
full extension
109
in full extension the patella sits
entirely proximal to the intercondylar groove & against supra patellar fat pad
110
in full extension there is little to no
contact between patellofemoral surfaces
111
full extension the patellofemoral compression forces are
minimal
112
as you increase flexion you increase
the area of contact between patella and intercondyler groove
113
extremem flexion is
135 degrees
114
135 degrees the contact point of the patella is the
superior pole
115
135 the patella sits
below intercondylar groove- bridging the intercondylar notch
116
between 135 ad 90 the contact point
migrates towards the inferior pole
117
between 90-60 the patella sits in
the intercondylar groove
118
betweent 90-60 this maintains the
| and leads to
greatest contact area with femur
| high joint contact pressures
119
between 20 and 30 the primary contact point is
inferior pole
120
20-30 is where you can have
chronic patellar dislocation
121
chronic patellar dislocation can occur 20-30 because
limited contact between patella in the intercondylar groove
122
Tibia on Femur arthrokin
moveable concave tibia condyles roll and glide on fixed convex femoral condyles in the same direction- anteriorly
123
Femur on Tibia arthrokin
moveable convex femoral condyles roll anteriorly and glide posteriorly on fixed concave articular surfaces of the tibia
124
locking of the knee is
external rotation and extension of the knee
125
there are 3 factors to locking the knee
1. shape of medial femoral condyle
2. passive tension in ACL during extension
3. lateral pull of quad tendon
126
femur on tibia extension: the femur
tracks medially on tibia
127
but the net effect of femur on tibia is
external rotation of the knee in full extension
128
axial rotation is considered
internal and external rotation of the leg with a fixed knee
129
axial rotation involves
spin between menisci and articular surfaces of tibia and femur
130
menisci are stabilized by
popliteus and semimembranosus
131
during flexion the meni
posterior edges pivot posteriorly
132
this pivot is accomplished by
popliteus and semimembranosus as they engage in flexion
133
duirng extension the muscles:
relax and allow the meni to return to normal position
134
the ankle joint is formed by
medial malleolus of tibia
lateral malleolus of fibula
articular surface of talus
