Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lower Extremity > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Sacroiliac Joint is what between?

A

rigid articulation between auricular surfaces of Ilia and scarum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

covered in:

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

children display typical

A

synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

puberty hits and it becomes:

A

modified amphiarthrodial (fibrocartliage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the joint surface becomes:

A

rugose- roughed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rugose does what?

A

increases congruence and restricting ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SI joint function

A

stable base for load transfer from axial skeleton to lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SI joint motion limited to

A

Sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nutation

A

NOD

anterior tilt of sacral base relative to ilim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Counternutation

A

posterior tilt of the sacral base relative to ilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary SI Jt ligaments

A

Anterior SI Ligament
Interosseous SI Ligament
Posterior SI Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary Ligaments

A

Sacrotuberous

Sacrospinous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ST and SSP do what?

A

transfer weight of axial skeleton to hip joint during weight bearing
help limit AXIAL ROTATION of sacrum on ilium with weight transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hip joint is what?

A

synovial

ball & socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 degrees of freedom

A

flex/exten
AB/AD
Inter/Extern rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reinforced by:

A

strong fibrous capsule
capsular ligaments
labrum
dynamic musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

angle of inclination

A

line between shaft of femur and long axis of the femoral neck & head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

normal inclination

A

125 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

coxa vara

A

DECREASED angle of inclination (frontal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

coxa valga

A

INCREASED angle of inclination (frontal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

femoral torsion

A

relative rotation between shaft of femur and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

line is drawn between:

A

long axis of the femoral neck and

line between posterior aspects of the femoral condyles and transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normal torsion

A

12-15 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anteversion

A

abnormal increase in the angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

retroversion

A

abnormal decrease in angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

excessive anteversion results in:

A

Toeing IN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

excessive retroversion:

A

Toeing OUT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Acetabulum Labrum is:

A

fibrocartilaginous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

and attaches from:

A

bony rim of acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

blends with:

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ligament of the Head of the Femur from to

A

from acetabulum notch and transverse ace tabular ligament to
fovea on femoral head
no importance in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ligamentum teres provides:

A

primary pathway form secondary blood supply: acetabuluar branch of Obturator artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

capsular ligaments of the hip

A

Iliofemoral lig
Ishiofemoral lig
pubofemoral lig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Iliofemoral lig

A

strongest

taught in full extension and external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ishiofemoral lig

A

internal rotation and extension

full adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

closed packed position of the hip

A

full hip extension
slight ABduction
Internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

position of greatest articular congruence

capsule lig are slack

A

90 Flexion
ABduction
External rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

non weight bearing (open/free distal segment) arthrokin

A

convex femoral head moves on fixed concave acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

weight bearing (closed) arthrokin

A

concave acetabulum moves on fixed convex femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hip aBduction open chain

A

superior roll and inferior glide of convex head of femur on fixed concave acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the Knee joint is the

A

largest synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

the bony articulations of the knee is between

A

femoral condyles and articular tibia condyles
&
femur and patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

medial knee joint capsule blends with

A

fibers from MCL and inferior bands with medial meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

anterior Knee joint capsule attaches to:

and is reinforced by

A

margins of the patella

tendinous expansions of VL and VM and IT band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

posterior knee joint capsule reinforced by

A

oblique popliteal lig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

patella retinaculum ligaments run:

and from:

A

longitudinally and transversely from margins of patella to Tibia and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

participating structures of patella retinaculum

A

deep fascia of leg

fibers from MCL and fibrous jt cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

ligaments that stabilize retinaculum

A 
meniscofemoral
meniscotibial
patellofemoral
patellomeniscal
patellotibial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

trauma to patellar retinaculum results in

A

patellar instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

tightness in patella retinaculum results in

A

pressure or patellofemoral OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Tibiofemoral joint is:

A

bicondylar
synovial
sliding hinge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

internal and external rotation is only allowed when

A

knee is flexed and prohibited in full extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

medial femoral condyle

A

larger surface area and extends more distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

medial tibial plateau

A

larger thicker articular cartilage

55
Q

intercondylar region

A

site of attachment for several important structures

56
Q

these important structures are

A

six distinct facets for ACL and PCL

medial and lateral menisci

57
Q

the tubercles of the intercondylar eminence provide

A

an important bony locking mechanism for the knee in extension

58
Q

menisci are

A

fibrocartilaginous discs

59
Q

medial meniscus is shaped:

A

ovoid

60
Q

lateral meni is shaped:

A

circular

61
Q

meni are anchored to:

by the:

A

intercondylar region of tibia

by the horns

62
Q

runs between anterior edges to unit them anteriorly

A

transverse ligaments

63
Q

attach the external edge of each meni to tibia and adjacent fib. jt cap.

A

coronary (meniscotibial) ligaments

64
Q

meniscal function is to

A

deepen the tibial articular surfaces to improve joint congruency

65
Q

the main function is for

A

shock absorption and reduce the contact pressures

66
Q

compression forces at knee durng walking is

A

1.3x bw

67
Q

compression forces during deep knee bend is

A

7.8x bw

68
Q

the anterior wedge shape portions:

A

limit hyperextension at the knee

69
Q

internal surface of fibrous capsule is lined with

A

synovial membrane

70
Q

developmental extensions of the synovial membrane are

A

bursa and Plica

71
Q

Plica are

A

remnants of synovial membrane clinically important

72
Q

most important is

A

medial plica

73
Q

the largest fat pads are associated with

A

suprapatellar bursae and deep infrapatellar bursa

74
Q

attachments of MCL

A

medial epicondyle of femur to proximal tibia

75
Q

the MCL has two portions

A

extracapsular portion and capsular portion

76
Q

the extra capsular portion is oriented:
and is _____ to joint capsule
blends with:

A

vertically
anterior and superficial to jt cap
patellar retinaculum

77
Q

capsular porition is oriented:

and is _____ to capusle

A

obliquely

posterior

78
Q

the capsular portion of MCL blends and attaches to:

A

jt cap
retinaculum
medial menisus
tendon of semimembranosus

79
Q

MCL resist

A

Valgus force

80
Q

it also resist _____ when knee is flexed

A

axial rotation

81
Q

attachments of LCL

A

lateral epicondyle of femur to fibular head

82
Q

the LCL is entirely ______

A

extracapsular with no meniscal attachment

83
Q

the _____ is posterior to LCL

A

subpopliteal recess

84
Q

LCL limits

A

Varus force and axial rotation with flexed knee

85
Q

the cruciate ligaments are considered intracapsular because they are

A

lined with synovial lining

86
Q

however they are considered extracapsular because

A

much of their surfaces lie outside the membrane between the synovial membrane and jt cap

87
Q

primary resistance to

A

anterior posterior shear between femur and tibia

88
Q

ACL runs from

A

anterior intercondylar region of tibial plateau

89
Q

ACL runs to

A

medial side of lateral femoral condyle

90
Q

it resist ______ of tibia on fixed femur

A

excessive anterior translation

91
Q

it resist _____ of femur on fixed tibia

A

excessive posterior translation

92
Q

it also resist extreme

A

valgus
varus
axial rotation

93
Q

ACL become increasingly taut with greater

A

extension

94
Q

PCL runs from

A

posterior intercondylar region of tibia

95
Q

PCL runs to

A

lateral side of the medal femoral condyle

96
Q

PCL fibers become increasingly taut with more

A

knee flexion

97
Q

limits _______ of tibia of fixed femur

A

excessive posterior translation

98
Q

limits ______ of femur on fixed tibia

A

excessive anterior translation

99
Q

secondary restraint to

A

varus
valgus
excessive knee axial rotation

100
Q

locking of a fixed femur there is _______ rotation of tibia

A

external rotation

101
Q

locking of a fixed tibia there is ______ oration of the femur

A

internal rotation

102
Q

the knee is a ______ joint

A

hinge joint

103
Q

the patellofemoral joint is formed by:

A

deep surface of the patella and intercondylar groove of the femur

104
Q

the patella is the ____ bone in the body

A

largest

105
Q

functions of the patella

A

protects the anterior knee joint

acts as a pulley

106
Q

the patella pulley is to:

A

alter the mechanical advantage of quadriceps

107
Q

the patella pulley does:

A

increases internal moment arm so increase the torque of quadriceps

108
Q

the neutral position of the knee is

A

full extension

109
Q

in full extension the patella sits

A

entirely proximal to the intercondylar groove & against supra patellar fat pad

110
Q

in full extension there is little to no

A

contact between patellofemoral surfaces

111
Q

full extension the patellofemoral compression forces are

A

minimal

112
Q

as you increase flexion you increase

A

the area of contact between patella and intercondyler groove

113
Q

extremem flexion is

A

135 degrees

114
Q

135 degrees the contact point of the patella is the

A

superior pole

115
Q

135 the patella sits

A

below intercondylar groove- bridging the intercondylar notch

116
Q

between 135 ad 90 the contact point

A

migrates towards the inferior pole

117
Q

between 90-60 the patella sits in

A

the intercondylar groove

118
Q

betweent 90-60 this maintains the

and leads to

A

greatest contact area with femur

high joint contact pressures

119
Q

between 20 and 30 the primary contact point is

A

inferior pole

120
Q

20-30 is where you can have

A

chronic patellar dislocation

121
Q

chronic patellar dislocation can occur 20-30 because

A

limited contact between patella in the intercondylar groove

122
Q

Tibia on Femur arthrokin

A

moveable concave tibia condyles roll and glide on fixed convex femoral condyles in the same direction- anteriorly

123
Q

Femur on Tibia arthrokin

A

moveable convex femoral condyles roll anteriorly and glide posteriorly on fixed concave articular surfaces of the tibia

124
Q

locking of the knee is

A

external rotation and extension of the knee

125
Q

there are 3 factors to locking the knee

A
  1. shape of medial femoral condyle
  2. passive tension in ACL during extension
  3. lateral pull of quad tendon
126
Q

femur on tibia extension: the femur

A

tracks medially on tibia

127
Q

but the net effect of femur on tibia is

A

external rotation of the knee in full extension

128
Q

axial rotation is considered

A

internal and external rotation of the leg with a fixed knee

129
Q

axial rotation involves

A

spin between menisci and articular surfaces of tibia and femur

130
Q

menisci are stabilized by

A

popliteus and semimembranosus

131
Q

during flexion the meni

A

posterior edges pivot posteriorly

132
Q

this pivot is accomplished by

A

popliteus and semimembranosus as they engage in flexion

133
Q

duirng extension the muscles:

A

relax and allow the meni to return to normal position

134
Q

the ankle joint is formed by

A

medial malleolus of tibia
lateral malleolus of fibula
articular surface of talus

Lower Extremity (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions