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Anatomy & Physiology > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Joints (Articulations)

A

1) Bind parts of the skeleton together
2) Allow for bone growth
3) Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth
4) Enable the body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction

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2
Q

Classification of Joints

A
  • Structural
  • Functional
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3
Q

Structural Classifications

A
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
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4
Q

Fibrous joints

A

dense connective tissue connecting bones in close contact

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

hyaline or fibrocartilage connecting bones

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6
Q

Synovial joints

A

most complex, widest range of movement; joint cavity contains synovial fluid; DIATHROTIC

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7
Q

Functional classification

A
  • Synarthrotic
  • Amphiarthrotic
  • Diathrotic
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8
Q

Synarthrotic

A

immovable joints

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9
Q

Amphiarthrotic

A

slightly movable

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10
Q

Diathrotic

A

freely movable

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11
Q

Fibrous joints (types)

A
  • Syndesmosis
  • Suture
  • Gomphosis
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12
Q

Syndesmosis (Fibrous, description)

A
  • sheet or bundle of fibrous tissue that connects bones
  • AMPHIARTHROTIC
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13
Q

Syndesmosis (Fibrous, example)

A

between radius and ulna; between tibia and fibula

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14
Q

Suture (Fibrous, description)

A
  • between flat bones
  • SYNARTHROTIC
  • thin layer of CT connects bones until they ossify
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15
Q

Suture (Fibrous, example)

A

b/w bones of upper skull

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16
Q

Gomphosis (Fibrous, description)

A
  • cone-shaped bony process in socket
  • SYNARTHROTIC
17
Q

Gomphosis (Fibrous, example)

A

tooth in jaw

18
Q

Cartilaginous joints (types)

A
  • Synchondrosis
  • Symphysis
19
Q

Synchondrosis (Cartilaginous, description)

A
  • bands of hyaline cartilage uniting bone
  • SYNARTHROTIC
20
Q

Synchondrosis (Cartilaginous, example)

A

epiphyseal plate; between manubrium and 1st rib

21
Q

Symphysis (Cartilaginous, description)

A
  • pad of fibrocartilage between bones
  • AMPHIARTHROTIC
22
Q

Symphysis (Cartilaginous, example)

A

pubis symphysis; intervertebral discs

23
Q

Synovial joints (description)

A
  • all are DIARTHROTIC
  • joint cavity contains SYNOVIAL FLUID within a synovial membrane (reduces friction)
  • surrounded by a joint capsule (fibrous layer) for support
24
Q

Synovial joints (types)

A
  • Ball-and-Socket
  • Condyloid
  • Gliding/Plantar
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
25
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint (example)

A

hip; shoulder

26
Q

Condyloid Joint (example)

A

b/w metacarpals and phalanges

27
Q

Gliding/Plantar Joint (example)

A

b/w carpals; b/w tarsals

28
Q

Hinge Joint (example)

A

elbow; b/w phalanges

29
Q

Pivot Joint (example)

A

b/w atlas and axis; b/w proximal ends of the radius and ulna

30
Q

Saddle Joint (example)

A

b/w carpal and metacarpal of the thumb

31
Q

Shoulder Joint

A
  • Ball-and-Socket
  • b/w head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
  • loose joint capsule with ligaments to prevent displacement
  • widest range of movement
32
Q

Elbow Joint

A
  • Hinge joint (humeroulnar)
  • Gliding/Hinge joint (humeroradial)
  • Pivot joint (radioulnar)
  • Flexion, extension, rotation (supination and pronation)
33
Q

Hip Joint

A
  • Ball-and-Socket
  • b/w head of femur and acetabulum of coxa
  • heavy joint capsule with many reinforcing ligaments
  • less freedom of movement than shoulder
34
Q

Knee Joint

A
  • largest, most complex joint (very vulnerable to injury)
  • b/w condyles on distal end of femur and condyles on proximal end of the tibia
  • femur articulates anteriorly with patella
  • includes bursa to prevent friction
  • modified hinge joint
  • flexion, extension, little rotation
  • strengthened by many ligaments
35
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

A
  • comes between condyles of the tibia (posterior to anterior connection)
  • stabilizes the knee joint by preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia and limits rotational movements
36
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

A
  • upside down Y
  • stabilizes the knee joint by preventing the tibia from slipping too far back in relation to the femur
37
Q

Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament (MCL)

A
  • runs from the inside surface of the upper tibia to the inner surface of the lower femur
  • stabilizes the knee joint by preventing the leg from extending too far inward
38
Q

Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament (LCL)

A
  • runs from the inside surface of the upper fibula to the inner surface of the lower femur
  • stabilizes the knee joint by preventing the leg from extending too far outward
39
Q

Meniscus

A
  • between the femur and the tibia (looks like two cups, medial and lateral)
  • provide increased stability, distribute weight load, absorb shock, and provide lubrication of the knee joint (reduce friction)

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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