Joints Flashcards
Human motion caused by
-levers (limbs) being accelerated
-about axes (joints)
-by applying torques (muscles)
General motion about joints
Rotation about longitudinal axis of a limb
Fibrous joints
Allow no movement (sutures of the skull)
Cartilaginous joints
Allow limited movement (intervertebral discs)
Synovial joints
Allow large range of movement (the knee joint)
Slightly moveable joints:
-b.w vertebrae
-b/w right & left pubic bones (symphysis pubis)
Moveable joints:
-pectoral girdle
-elbow
-hand & wrist
-hip
-knee
-ankle & foot
Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): hyaline cartilage
A protective layer of dense white connective tissues that covers the ends of the articulating bones
Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): synovial membrane
-covers joint cavity
-secretes the lubrication fluid
Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): synovial fluid
Lubricates the joint
Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): capsule
May or may not have thickenings called intrinsic ligaments
Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): extrinsic ligaments
Support the joint & connect the articulating bones
The joints of the pectoral girdle:
-sternum & clavicle = Sternoclavicular
-scapula & clavicle = acromioclavicular
Movements of the pectoral girdle:
-elevation
-depression
-retraction
-protraction
The joints of the pectoral girdle: Sternoclavicular
-connects sternum to clavicle
-only joint connecting pectoral girdle to axial skeleton
-strengthened by an Intra-capsular disc & extrinsic ligaments
The joints of the pectoral girdle: acromioclavicular joint
-unites later end of the with acromion process of the scapula
-shoulder separations often occur in hockey, baseball & football
Glenohumeral joint
-connects humerus & scapula
-a typical multi-axial joint
-has a wide range of movement
-injury = relative lack of stability
Elbow joints
-humeroradial
-humeroulnar
Forearm joints
Distal radioulnar
-proximal radioulnar
Joints of the wrist: radiocarpal joint
B/w distal end of the radius & 2 carpals (scaphoid & lunate)
Radiocarpal joint movements:
-flexion/extension
-curcumduction
Joints of the wrist: metacarpophalangeal
B/w distal end of 2 metacarpals & the phalanges
Synovial joints of the trunk:
-intervertebral joint (facet joints)
Movements:
-flexion/extension
-lateral flexion/extension
-rotation
Synovial joints of the trunk & pelvic girdle:
-lumbosacral joint
-sacroiliac joint
-hip joints
Hip joint:
-b/w proximal femur & the socket (acetabulum) in pelvis
Movement:
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction
Knee joint: tibiofemoral movement
-flex/ext.
-abd/add.
Knee joint: meniscus cartilage
Shock absorbing fibrocartialge discs
Knee joint: anterior & posterior cruise ligaments
In the centre of the joint
Knee joint: Lateral & medial collateral ligaments
Extend from femur to tibia & fibula on the outside of the joint
Knee joint: crucial ligaments
-anterior
-posterior
Knee joint: collateral ligament
-medial
-lateral
Knee joint: meniscus cartilages
-medial
-lateral
The ankle joint:
-distal fibula articulates w/ superior part of the talus
The ankle joint movements:
Inversion/e version
-dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion
The joints of the foot:
-intertarsal joints: b/w tarsals
-transverse (mid) tarsal joint: b/w proximal & distal row of tarsal bones
The joints of the foot movement:
-inversion/eversion of the foot
