joints Flashcards
main function of joints?
come into contact/articulate w each other, increase mobility of body + limbs
classified 2 ways
- shape
-type of tissue that connects bones
factors in stability
The shape of the bones and whether they interlock with each other or not
The area over which the bones are in contact
The flexibility of the ligaments
The influence of other soft tissue structure (muscles, tendons, joint capsules)
ligaments
strong tissue that connect from bone to bone - strap like band or cord and pass over joint for stability
types of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
fibrous joints
have a thin layer of fibrous tissue connecting the edges of the two bones. Ex: Sutures in the skull
Cartilaginous joints
bones separated by fibrocartilage disc (discs between vertebrae) or a thick layer of hyaline cartilage (ribs connecting to sternum).
synovial joints
(most common and most important for movement)
synovial cont
Gliding Joints
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Condyloid Joint
Saddle Joint
Ball and Socket Joint
gliding joints
Least movement, flat bones, glide side to side (Ex: tarsals, carpals).
hinge joint
Bend/Flex only one direction (Ex: elbow).
condyloid joint
Oval surface fits into concave surface (Ex: wrist).
saddle joint
shaped like a saddle and rider and can move two directions (Ex: Between thumb and fingers)
ball and socket
Can move in all directions, sphere fits in rounded cavity (Ex: Shoulder and Hip)
pivot joint
One bone forms a ring and the other bone rolls allowing rotation (Ex: Your neck to head).