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sports med > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

macronutrients

A

lipids, carbohydrates, water, and protein

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2
Q

micronutrients

A

vitamins and minerals

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3
Q

chemical composition

A

CH2O

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4
Q

explain how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

A

condensation reaction - the linking of a monosaccharide to another monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide by the removal of a water molecule

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5
Q

saturated fats

A

no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. Saturated fats originate from animal sources, for example, meat, poultry, full-fat dairy products

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6
Q

unsaturated fats

A

one or more double bonds between carbon atoms within the fatty acid chain. originate from plant based foods like avocados and peanuts

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7
Q

essential amino acids

A

cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained by diet

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8
Q

non-essential amino acids

A

can be synthesized by body

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9
Q

current recommendations for a healthy diet

A
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10
Q

approximate energy content per 100 g of carb, lipid, and protein

A

carb - 1760 kj
lipid - 4000 kj
protein - 1720 kj

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11
Q

diet between endurance and non-endurance

A

endurance must have higher amounts of carbs, and protein an fat intake is slightly higher

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12
Q

major dietary fats

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

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13
Q

which dietary fat is most prevalent

A

triglycerides (95%), one molecules of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

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14
Q

glycerol and triglycerides

A

combine through condensation reaction, glycerol and 3 fatty acids to make triglycerides

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15
Q

different fatty acids

A

saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated

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16
Q

saturated

A

max amount of hydrogen, four on each carbon, no double bonds

17
Q

unsaturated

A

hydrogen atoms are missing, there are double bonds between carbons to make it unsaturated

18
Q

monosaturated

A

A single double bond in the carbon chain.

19
Q

polyunsaturated

A

Multiple double bonds between carbons

20
Q

omega 3

A

The first double bond is located between on third carbon atom on the methyl end, fish and flaxseed

21
Q

omega 6

A

The first double bond is on the 6th carbon from the methyl end, veggie oils/nuts/seeds

22
Q

hydrogenated fats

A

Hydrogenation is a process in which a liquid unsaturated fat is turned into a solid fat by adding hydrogen, making it into a trans fat

23
Q

proteins

A

second most abundant

24
Q

amino acids

A

amino acids are organic (carbon based) compounds that combine to form proteins.

25
Q

chemical comp of amino acid

A

On one end there is an Amine group, the other end there is a Carboxylic Acid group, in the center is a Carbon with a Hydrogen on one side and a Carbon Chain on the other.

26
Q

protein-rich foods

A

Meat, fish, milk, dairy products, eggs, pulses ( beans, lentils and peas) and cereals all contain protein.

27
Q

essential amino acids

A

valine, leucine, phenylanine,

28
Q

protein

A

structural: Muscles, bones, skin and cells
Transport/Communication: Plasma proteins, hormones, receptors and neurotransmitters.
Protective: Antibodies, mucus, anti-inflammatory proteins.
Enzymatic: Digestion, metabolic pathways, O2 and CO2 transport.

29
Q

protein deficiency

A

Lack of protein can cause:
- Impairment of growth and development
- Disease
- Death

30
Q

outside cells, water does

A

Transport of nutrients, metabolites, waste products, hormones, and respiratory gases
Thermoregulation (sweat) and excretion (urine, feces)
Cell-Cell and Cell-Environment communication
Lubrication of joints and sliding filaments

31
Q

micronutrients - vitamins

A

Regulate the process of energy release from food
Are important cofactors in various chemical reactions

32
Q

types of vitamins

A

water-soluble and fat soluble

33
Q

water-soluble

A

Vitamin C and B vitamins

34
Q

fat-soluble

A

Vitamins E, D, A, K

35
Q

minerals

A

Minerals are 4% of body mass

When ingesting, they are taken in amounts of grams and milligrams per day

36
Q

trace elements

A

Trace elements make up 0.001% of body mass

When ingesting, they are taken in amounts of milligrams and micrograms per day

37
Q

essential minerals

A

calcium, chloride, magnesium

38
Q

essential trace elements

A

iron, iodine, fluoride

sports med (10 decks)

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