Joints Flashcards
how did we divide the joints?
in 2 groups: continuous and discontinuous
what’s the other name for continuous joints?
synarthroses
types of fibrous syndesmosis?
- the ones made out of collagenous tissue (interosseous menbrane)
- sutures of the skull
- gomphosis
types of sutures?
- Serrated suture
- Squamous suture
- Plane suture
what type of a joint is the one in your mandible?
gomphosis.
what’s the other name for the cartilaginous joints?
synchondrisis
what are synchondroses composed of?
hyaline cartilage
where can we find the synchondrosis joints?
1.,6.,7., rib; epiphysial disks
what is a symphysis composed of?
fibrocartilage+connective tissue
what’s the firmest type of joints
synostosis (hipbone, diaphysis, epiphysis)
what are discontinuous joints also called?
synovial joints
what are the parts of synovial joints?
articular surface, articular capsule, joint cavity, extra support structures ( labrums, ligaments, bursae…)
how can we classify bones when talking about movement of the joint?
the movable segment and the fixed (stationary) segment
what’s the angle of excursion?
method we use for assessing the joint mobility, it’s the angle between the initial and the final position of a joint
what’s a mid position?
it’s the position of the joint in which all the parts of an articular capsule are under the same tension
what influences the joint mobility?
bony limit, lig. limit, soft tissue limit etc.
what are articular surfaces covered with?
hyaline cartilage/fibrous cartilage or connective tissue + fibrous cartilage
what nourishes the articular surfaces?
synovial fluid + diffusion from the capillaries
what are the layers of joint capsule?
synovial membrane and the outer fibrous membrane
what does the synovial membrane create?
synovial villi, plicae synoviales, synovial folds
what is the outer fibrous membrane of the capsule composed of?
collagen fibers + a few elastic ones
what is a joint cavity?
it’s a cleft-like space filled with synovial fluid.
why is synovial fluid important?
diagnostics, nutritive, lubricant, has mucin etc
what are the properties of the synovial fluid?
clear, viscous (dependent on hyaluronic acid content + temperature)
how did we classify the ligaments ?
- Guiding ligaments
- Restrictive ligaments
- Reinforcing ligaments (for the joint caps)
based on location, how did we classify joint ligaments?
extracapsular, capsular, intracapsular
how do articular disks divide the joint cavity? what abt menisci articulares?
disks completely separate the cavity, meniscuses only partially
how do we classify the discontinuous joints based on the axis?
monaxial, biaxial, multiaxial
how did we classify the discontinuous joints based on their degrees of freedom?
1,2,3 degrees of freedom
how did we classify the discontinuous joints based on their number of articular surfaces?
simple (2 surfaces 1 capsule) and complex (more than one surface)
how did we classify the discontinuous joints based on the shape of the articular surfaces?
- a hinge joint (ginglymus) - convex + concave art. surface. tense lateral ligaments present. one degree of freedom. “cylindrical” joint.
- a trochoid joint - pivot joint and rotatory joints. one axis one degree of freedom. one cylindrical convex surface and a corresponding concave j. surface. joint axis runs through the cylindrical surface.
- Ellipsoidal/condylar joints - convex + concave elliptical joint surface, 2 degrees of freedom, multiaxial ( 2 principal axes ) RADIOCARPAL j.
- Saddle joint - 2 saddle like surfaces, convex and concave curvature, 2 degrees of freedom, 2 main axes, multiaxial, circumduction possible
- Ball-and-socket/spheroidal joints - multiaxial, a globular bony head + cup/socket. 3 degrees of freedo, 3 principal axes. SHOULDER JOINT. Enarthrosis has sockets that extend beyond the equator of the head (hip joint)
- Fixed - amphiarthrosis, limited mobility, articular surfaces rough, lig. + capsule taut. EG. SACROILIAC JOINT
