Joint Structure And Function Flashcards
What are the functions of joints
To allow movement in 3d
To bear weight
To transfer the load evenly to the musculoskeletal system
What tissues are associated with joints
Bone
Muscle
Cartilage
Synovium
Synovial fluid
Sense fibrous tissue
Tendons/ligaments
What are the 3 different type of joints and an example of each
Fibrous - teeth sockets
Cartilaginous - intervertebral discs
Synovial - metacarpopharyngeal
What are the 3 function classifications of joints with examples
Synarthroses- immovable joints mostly fibrous eg- skull sutures
Amphiarthroses- slightly moveable eg- intervertebral discs
Diarthroses- freely moveable mostly synovial eg- hip
Where are sutures found
Between the bones of the skull, they are an example of a fibrous joint
What are syndesmoses with example
Fibrous joints where bones are connected by a ligament of sheet of fibrous tissue
Between fibula and tibia in the lower limb
What is a gomphoses joint with example
A peg in socket joint found only in tooth articulation
What is synchondroses with example
It is a type of cartilaginous joint where bones are directly connected by hyaline cartilage eg- costal cartilage of the ribs
What are symphyses with example
They are a type of cartilaginous joint where the connecting cartilage is a plate of fibrocartilage eg - intervertebral disc
What are synovial joints
Articulating bones which are separated by fluid filled cavity
What are the 5 features of a synovial joint
Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
Joint cavity
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
What are the 3 different type of cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
What is a bursae
A fluid filled sac lined with synovial membrane
What is menisci
A disc of fibrocartilage
What are the characteristics of articular cartilage
Almost frictionless surface
Resists compressive loads
High water content
Low cell count
No blood supply
What is cartilage made up of
Water
Proteoglycans
Collagen
What is synovial fluid
The joints lubricant
What is the role of synovial fluid
Covers articulating surfaces with a thin film
Where is synovial fluid produced
It is produced by synoviocytes from plasma
What is the role of synovial fluid
Reduces friction during articulation
Where is the synovial membrane located
Sits in the joint capsule
What is the function of the synovial membrane
Encloses synovial cavity
What makes up the synovial membrane
Only a few cells thick and can have villi
What is the role of the synovial membrane
Secretes synovial fluid components and a source of inflammatory cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Describe a first class lever in relation to a joint
A first class lever, the fulcrum is the elbow in the middle
The force is at one end via the tricep muscle and the resistance at the other end is the weight been pulled
What joint is an example of a second class lever
Temperomadibular joint (jaw)
What are the different types of synovial joints with example of each
Ball and socket - hip
Condyloid - knee
Gliding - carpals
Hinge - elbow
Pivot - vertebrae
Saddle - between trapezium and first metacarpal
