Joint Structure And Function

Question 1

What are the functions of joints

Answer 1

To allow movement in 3d
To bear weight
To transfer the load evenly to the musculoskeletal system

Question 2

What tissues are associated with joints

Answer 2

Bone
Muscle
Cartilage
Synovium
Synovial fluid
Sense fibrous tissue
Tendons/ligaments

Question 3

What are the 3 different type of joints and an example of each

Answer 3

Fibrous - teeth sockets
Cartilaginous - intervertebral discs
Synovial - metacarpopharyngeal

Question 4

What are the 3 function classifications of joints with examples

Answer 4

Synarthroses- immovable joints mostly fibrous eg- skull sutures

Amphiarthroses- slightly moveable eg- intervertebral discs

Diarthroses- freely moveable mostly synovial eg- hip

Question 5

Where are sutures found

Answer 5

Between the bones of the skull, they are an example of a fibrous joint

Question 6

What are syndesmoses with example

Answer 6

Fibrous joints where bones are connected by a ligament of sheet of fibrous tissue
Between fibula and tibia in the lower limb

Question 7

What is a gomphoses joint with example

Answer 7

A peg in socket joint found only in tooth articulation

Question 8

What is synchondroses with example

Answer 8

It is a type of cartilaginous joint where bones are directly connected by hyaline cartilage eg- costal cartilage of the ribs

Question 9

What are symphyses with example

Answer 9

They are a type of cartilaginous joint where the connecting cartilage is a plate of fibrocartilage eg - intervertebral disc

Question 10

What are synovial joints

Answer 10

Articulating bones which are separated by fluid filled cavity

Question 11

What are the 5 features of a synovial joint

Answer 11

Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
Joint cavity
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments

Question 12

What are the 3 different type of cartilage

Answer 12

Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage

Question 13

What is a bursae

Answer 13

A fluid filled sac lined with synovial membrane

Question 14

What is menisci

Answer 14

A disc of fibrocartilage

Question 15

What are the characteristics of articular cartilage

Answer 15

Almost frictionless surface
Resists compressive loads
High water content
Low cell count
No blood supply

Question 16

What is cartilage made up of

Answer 16

Water
Proteoglycans
Collagen

Question 17

What is synovial fluid

Answer 17

The joints lubricant

Question 18

What is the role of synovial fluid

Answer 18

Covers articulating surfaces with a thin film

Question 19

Where is synovial fluid produced

Answer 19

It is produced by synoviocytes from plasma

Question 20

What is the role of synovial fluid

Answer 20

Reduces friction during articulation

Question 21

Where is the synovial membrane located

Answer 21

Sits in the joint capsule

Question 22

What is the function of the synovial membrane

Answer 22

Encloses synovial cavity

Question 23

What makes up the synovial membrane

Answer 23

Only a few cells thick and can have villi

Question 24

What is the role of the synovial membrane

Answer 24

Secretes synovial fluid components and a source of inflammatory cells in rheumatoid arthritis

Question 25

Describe a first class lever in relation to a joint

Answer 25

A first class lever, the fulcrum is the elbow in the middle
The force is at one end via the tricep muscle and the resistance at the other end is the weight been pulled

Question 26

What joint is an example of a second class lever

Answer 26

Temperomadibular joint (jaw)

Question 27

What are the different types of synovial joints with example of each

Answer 27

Ball and socket - hip
Condyloid - knee
Gliding - carpals
Hinge - elbow
Pivot - vertebrae
Saddle - between trapezium and first metacarpal