Joint complaint Flashcards
Mono-articular
one joint
Poly-articular
multiple joints
Migratory
Moves from one joint to another
Extra-articular
bones, muscle, tendons, bursa, skin
Myalgia
muscle pain
Arthralgia
joint pain
Tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon
Sprain
Ligament injury
Strain
muscle injury
Effusion
fluid in the joint
Dislocation
complete lack of contact between 2 articular surfaces
Subluxation
residual contact between 2 articular surfaces
Valgus deformity
distal part of limb directed away from midline
ex: knock knees
Vargus deformity
distal part of limb directed toward midline
ex: bowlegs
Causes of inflammation
traumatic, infectious, systemic
Subjective signs of inflammation
what the patient reports: pain, stiffness
Objective signs of inflammation
what the physician can see: warmth, redness, swelling, pain to touch
Steps of joint exam
inspection, palpation, ROM (active and passive), specialty testing
Muscle Strength test
0-5
0/5= no contraction detected
1/5= barely any contraction
2/5: active movement with gravity eliminated
3/5= active movement against gravity
4/5= active movement against gravity and some resistance
5/5= active movement against full resistance with out evidence of fatigue (this is normal)
Where is C4 dermatome
top of shoulder
Where is C6 dermatome
radial aspect of forearm
where is C8 dermatome
5th digit
Where is T4 dermatome
nipple line
Where is T10 dermatome
umbilicus
Where is L5 dermatome
Great toe
Where is S1 dermatome
posterolateral calf/little toe
What is a normal time for capillary refills?
2 seconds or less
What does a capillary test check for?
perfusion (arterial occlusion, hypovolemic shock, hypothermia)
Pulse documentation
0-4
4= bounding 3= strong, full, increased 2= average, expected, normal 1= barely palpable 0= absent
Where do you check for edema
Dorsum of foot, anterior tibia, behind medial malleolus
Documentation of edema
0-4
0= absent 1= barely detectable (2mm), disappears rapidly 2= slight indentation (4mm), lasts 10-15 sec 3= deeper indentation (6mm), lasts longer than 1 min 4= very marked indention (8mm), lasts 2-5 min
