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PCM exam 1 > Elbow, wrist, hand > Flashcards

Elbow, wrist, hand Flashcards

1
Q

Carrying angle of elbow

A

5 degrees for males
10-15 for females.

Allows forearm and hands to clear hips when walking.

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2
Q

Elbow flexion (ROM and muscle involved)

A

140-150

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, coracobrachialis

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3
Q

Elbow extension (ROM and muscle involved)

A

0- -5

triceps brachii, anconeus

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4
Q

Elbow supination (ROM and muscle involved)

A

90

supinator, biceps brachii

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5
Q

Elbow pronation (ROM and muscle involved)

A

90

pronator teres, pronator quadratura

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6
Q

Ulnohumeral adduction and abduction

A

5

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7
Q

Wrist flexion (ROM and muscle involved)

A

80-90

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmares longus

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8
Q

Wrist extension (ROM and muscle involved)

A

70

extensor carpi redials longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

Wrist adduction (ROM and muscle involved)

A

30-40

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

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10
Q

Wrist abduction (ROM and muscle involved)

A

20-30

Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

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11
Q

C5 dermatome

A

lateral arm

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12
Q

C6 dermatome

A

lateral forearm and thumb

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13
Q

C7 dermatome

A

middle finger

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14
Q

C8 dermatome

A

medial forearm and little finger

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15
Q

T1 dermatome

A

medial arm

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16
Q

Principle governing the elbow joint

A
  1. SD is found in minor gliding movements of joints
  2. SD of ulnohumeral joint is usually primary and SD of radioulnar joint is secondary.
  3. Impaired function of any joint of the arm produces compensatory changes in nearby/distal joints.
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17
Q

Valgus stress test

A

arm slightly abducted and externally rotated. supinate forearm. slight medial directed values stress is applied to elbow.

+ test= pain/tenderness. increased laxity.

Indicates: sprained medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

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18
Q

Varus stress test

A

Arm slightly abducted and internally rotated. Elbow flexed to 15. slight lateral directed various stress is applied.

+ test= pain/tenderness, increased laxity.

Indicates: sprained lateral (radial) collateral ligament

19
Q

Tinel test for ulnar nerve entrapment

A

Tap between olecranon and medial epicondyle in ulnar groove.

+ test= elicits tingling sensation down forearm.

Indicates: ulnar nerve entrapment/ cubital tunnel syndrome

20
Q

Golfer’s elbow

A

Pain with resisted wrist flexion with elbow in full extension.

+ test= pain/tenderness around medial epicondyle.

indicates: medial epicondylitis

21
Q

Tennis elbow

A

pain with resisted wrist extension with elbow in full extension.

+ test= pain/tenderness around lateral epicondyle

indicates: lateral epicondylitis

22
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

A

bursa superficial to posterior elbow joint. Students elbow. Usually painless and ROM unaffected.

23
Q

Little league elbow

A

group of problems related to stress of throwing in young athletes: medial apophysitis (childhood0, medial epicondyle avulsion fracture (teen), Medial collateral ligament tear (young adult)

24
Q

Nuresmaids elbow

A

Annular ligament tear and or radial head subluxation from annular ligament. Pain with palpation of radial head.

25
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

entrapment of median nerve at wrist.
Chronic cases develop atrophy of intrinsic muscles of hand (thenar).
Pt has grip weakness.

26
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

indicates CTS.
Tap over transverse carpal ligament.

+ test= numbness/pain radiating to thumb, index and middle finger.

27
Q

Phalen’s sign

A

Place dorsal aspects of patients hands together and force into wrist flexion. Hold for 60 seconds.

+ test= any reproduction of symptoms of paresthesia in distribution of median nerve.

Indicates: CTS

28
Q

DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Pain and inflammation from repetitive overuse of tendons in first dorsal compartment. Pt complain of dorsolateral wrist and thumb pain.
Posible inflammation sites: tendon sheath, abductor policies longus, extensor pollicis brevis

29
Q

Finkelstein test

A

Pt makes a fist encompassing their thumb and ulnar deviate the wrist.

+ test= pain in first dorsal compartment (lateral wrist)

Indicates: DeQuervain’s syndrome

30
Q

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment “handlebar palsy”

A

Ulnar nerve gets entrapped in Guyon’s canal.

Irritation leads to numbness, tingling, weakness and pain

31
Q

Gamekeeper’s thumb/ skier’s thumb

A

Tear of ulnar collateral ligament of MCP. Due to hand position when killing game or falling on a ski pole. Pain on medial aspect of MCP

32
Q

Ganglion Cyst

A

fluid filled sac along tendon sheath or joint capsule. contender (painless). Commonly found on dorsal of wrist.

33
Q

Mallet finger

A

extensor tendon injury at DIP

34
Q

Trigger finger

A

Inflammation and narrowing of flexor tendon sheath

35
Q

Jersey finger

A

Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus from fingertip

36
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

abnormal connective tissue thickening in the palmer fascia

37
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune inflammatory condition. inflammation of joints. chronic pain and deformity.

38
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Most common in 1st CMC joint, hands, knee, cervical or lumbar spine.
Signs: heerden’s nodes and Bouchard’s nodes.
Xray: joint space narrowing
Joint stiffness that lasts one hour after waking up

39
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius in the forearm with posterior and radial displacement of wrist and hand.

40
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius with ventral displacement

41
Q

Boxer’s fracture

A

fracture of distal shaft of 5th metacarpal. usually due to punching solid surface.

42
Q

Monteggia Fracture

A

Fracture of proximal ulna. dislocation of radial head.

43
Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

fracture of distal radius, dislocation of ulna.

44
Q

Nightstick fracture

A

isolated fracture of the mid shaft/distal ulna from a direct blow.

PCM exam 1 (9 decks)

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