Elbow, wrist, hand

Question 1

Carrying angle of elbow

Answer 1

5 degrees for males
10-15 for females.

Allows forearm and hands to clear hips when walking.

Question 2

Elbow flexion (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 2

140-150

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, coracobrachialis

Question 3

Elbow extension (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 3

0- -5

triceps brachii, anconeus

Question 4

Elbow supination (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 4

90

supinator, biceps brachii

Question 5

Elbow pronation (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 5

90

pronator teres, pronator quadratura

Question 6

Ulnohumeral adduction and abduction

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Wrist flexion (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 7

80-90

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmares longus

Question 8

Wrist extension (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 8

70

extensor carpi redials longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 9

Wrist adduction (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 9

30-40

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 10

Wrist abduction (ROM and muscle involved)

Answer 10

20-30

Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Question 11

C5 dermatome

Answer 11

lateral arm

Question 12

C6 dermatome

Answer 12

lateral forearm and thumb

Question 13

C7 dermatome

Answer 13

middle finger

Question 14

C8 dermatome

Answer 14

medial forearm and little finger

Question 15

T1 dermatome

Answer 15

medial arm

Question 16

Principle governing the elbow joint

Answer 16

1. SD is found in minor gliding movements of joints
2. SD of ulnohumeral joint is usually primary and SD of radioulnar joint is secondary.
3. Impaired function of any joint of the arm produces compensatory changes in nearby/distal joints.

Question 17

Valgus stress test

Answer 17

arm slightly abducted and externally rotated. supinate forearm. slight medial directed values stress is applied to elbow.

+ test= pain/tenderness. increased laxity.

Indicates: sprained medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

Question 18

Varus stress test

Answer 18

Arm slightly abducted and internally rotated. Elbow flexed to 15. slight lateral directed various stress is applied.

+ test= pain/tenderness, increased laxity.

Indicates: sprained lateral (radial) collateral ligament

Question 19

Tinel test for ulnar nerve entrapment

Answer 19

Tap between olecranon and medial epicondyle in ulnar groove.

+ test= elicits tingling sensation down forearm.

Indicates: ulnar nerve entrapment/ cubital tunnel syndrome

Question 20

Golfer’s elbow

Answer 20

Pain with resisted wrist flexion with elbow in full extension.

+ test= pain/tenderness around medial epicondyle.

indicates: medial epicondylitis

Question 21

Tennis elbow

Answer 21

pain with resisted wrist extension with elbow in full extension.

+ test= pain/tenderness around lateral epicondyle

indicates: lateral epicondylitis

Question 22

Olecranon Bursitis

Answer 22

bursa superficial to posterior elbow joint. Students elbow. Usually painless and ROM unaffected.

Question 23

Little league elbow

Answer 23

group of problems related to stress of throwing in young athletes: medial apophysitis (childhood0, medial epicondyle avulsion fracture (teen), Medial collateral ligament tear (young adult)

Question 24

Nuresmaids elbow

Answer 24

Annular ligament tear and or radial head subluxation from annular ligament. Pain with palpation of radial head.

Question 25

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 25

entrapment of median nerve at wrist. Chronic cases develop atrophy of intrinsic muscles of hand (thenar). Pt has grip weakness.

Question 26

Tinel's sign

Answer 26

indicates CTS. Tap over transverse carpal ligament. + test= numbness/pain radiating to thumb, index and middle finger.

Question 27

Phalen's sign

Answer 27

Place dorsal aspects of patients hands together and force into wrist flexion. Hold for 60 seconds. + test= any reproduction of symptoms of paresthesia in distribution of median nerve. Indicates: CTS

Question 28

DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis

Answer 28

Pain and inflammation from repetitive overuse of tendons in first dorsal compartment. Pt complain of dorsolateral wrist and thumb pain. Posible inflammation sites: tendon sheath, abductor policies longus, extensor pollicis brevis

Question 29

Finkelstein test

Answer 29

Pt makes a fist encompassing their thumb and ulnar deviate the wrist. + test= pain in first dorsal compartment (lateral wrist) Indicates: DeQuervain's syndrome

Question 30

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment "handlebar palsy"

Answer 30

Ulnar nerve gets entrapped in Guyon's canal. | Irritation leads to numbness, tingling, weakness and pain

Question 31

Gamekeeper's thumb/ skier's thumb

Answer 31

Tear of ulnar collateral ligament of MCP. Due to hand position when killing game or falling on a ski pole. Pain on medial aspect of MCP

Question 32

Ganglion Cyst

Answer 32

fluid filled sac along tendon sheath or joint capsule. contender (painless). Commonly found on dorsal of wrist.

Question 33

Mallet finger

Answer 33

extensor tendon injury at DIP

Question 34

Trigger finger

Answer 34

Inflammation and narrowing of flexor tendon sheath

Question 35

Jersey finger

Answer 35

Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus from fingertip

Question 36

Dupuytren's contracture

Answer 36

abnormal connective tissue thickening in the palmer fascia

Question 37

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 37

Autoimmune inflammatory condition. inflammation of joints. chronic pain and deformity.

Question 38

Osteoarthritis

Answer 38

Most common in 1st CMC joint, hands, knee, cervical or lumbar spine. Signs: heerden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes. Xray: joint space narrowing Joint stiffness that lasts one hour after waking up

Question 39

Colle's fracture

Answer 39

Fracture of distal radius in the forearm with posterior and radial displacement of wrist and hand.

Question 40

Smith's fracture

Answer 40

Fracture of distal radius with ventral displacement

Question 41

Boxer's fracture

Answer 41

fracture of distal shaft of 5th metacarpal. usually due to punching solid surface.

Question 42

Monteggia Fracture

Answer 42

Fracture of proximal ulna. dislocation of radial head.

Question 43

Galeazzi fracture

Answer 43

fracture of distal radius, dislocation of ulna.

Question 44

Nightstick fracture

Answer 44

isolated fracture of the mid shaft/distal ulna from a direct blow.