JLPT 4 Cram Flashcards
to break / to be damaged
壊れる / こわれる / koware / kowareta
to break, to be damaged, or to be destroyed
壊 (こわ): Means ‘break’ or ‘destroy.’
れる: Indicates the verb is intransitive (something happens on its own).
このテレビは壊れています。
Kono terebi wa kowarete imasu.
‘This TV is broken.’
地震で家が壊れた。
Jishin de ie ga kowareta.
‘The house was destroyed in the earthquake.’
生活
せいかつ
life, living
by far; much (better, etc.) continuing for a long time
ずっと / zutto
Moving house
引っ越し
Hikkoshi
rent
家賃
Yachin
To arrive
着く(tsu ku)
着きます/つきます
To borrow
借りる kariru
借りた / かりた
Be careful / pay attention to
注意して (ちゅういして)
注意する
注 (chū): ‘To pour’ or ‘to focus.’
意 (i): ‘Mind’ or ‘intention.’
ちゅういして運転してください。
Chūi shite unten shite kudasai.
‘Please drive carefully.’
To get used to…
慣れる 【なれる】iru/eru verb
もう ベトナム の 生活 に なれましたか?
もうべとなむのせいかつになれましたか?
Have you already gotten used to life in Vietnam?
How about?’ or ‘Would you like?’
いかがですか?
いかが – A polite word for ‘how’ or ‘how about.’
It’s used instead of the casual どう,
ですか – The polite question-ending particle.
Together, いかがですか makes a highly respectful and considerate question.
Sightseeing
けんぶつ (見物)
Ya, Ken?
Study Abroad
(留学) りゅうがく
To search / investigate / check
調べる 【しらべる】(shiraberu). Meaning: to investigate; to check up; to inquire; to search
To finish something by mistake, completely, or unfortunately.
しまう / shimaimasu
レポートを書かいてしまった。
I have finished writing my report (completely)
In between
(between things or a time between events)
Aida ni (間に) is a common grammar construction that means “between” or “in between”
only; nothing but ~
ばかり
うちの子はまんがばかり読んでいます。
My kid only reads manga
This sentence expresses the meaning of doing the same thing many times, so it is appropriate to use the 「N + ばかり」
This literally means “only” or “nothing but”, and is often used to express surprise, shock, and even judgement (in a negative way).
It is not always used in a negative way, and can simply be used to say “only” or express surprise. You’ll have to interpret the intended meaning based on the context.
to drop / to lose
落とす 【おとす】 (otosu)
Godan verb, Transitive verb N4
finally; at last; ultimately; in the end.
到頭 【とうとう】(toutou).
about time; gradually; soon
そろそろ
It means “it’s about time” or “it’s almost time”. It’s used to signal that you’d like to leave a conversation, such as at a cafe or someone’s home. For example, you can say sorosoro ii jikan desune (そろそろいい時間ですね), which means “I think I should get going now”.
reply; answer; response
へんじ / 返事
返事する
son
むすこ / 息子
congratulation; celebration;
お祝い 【おいわい】(oiwai).
Noun, Suru verb
私たちは家でお祝いする。
わたしたちはいえでおいわいする。
watashitachi wa ie de oiwai suru.
‘Seems Like’ or ‘Looks Like’ (comparison/similarity)
ように
Noun + の ように
Verb (plain form) + ように
(subject) speaks like a teacher.
先生 の ように 話します。
‘So that’ or ‘in order to’ (purpose/goal)
dictionary form + ように + _________
used with verbs to express purpose or a desired outcome.
So that _________ + ________
So that I become good at Japanese, I study every day.
I study every day so that I improve my Japanese.
In order to improve my Japanese, I study everyday.
日本語が上手になるように毎日勉強する。
(Nihongo ga jōzu ni naru yō ni mainichi benkyō suru.)
Perhaps / might not (new phrase first seen in Origami King) (actually N3)
もしかしたら + phrase + かもしれない
もしかすると + phrase + かもしれない
I might not be able to come tomorrow.
もしかしたら、明日 行けない かもしれません。
moshikashitara, ashita ikenai kamoshiremasen.
as one would expect; as is to be expected; even (positive meaning)
さすが (n4)
さすが に + Verb
さすが の + Noun + (も)
Dictionary def. is “As one would expect”. But that doesn’t really do it justice.
SASUGA is a complimentary term said about someone and it means “only that person could have done that thing”.
I knew it / as I thought
やっぱり
YAPPARI IKANAI MITAI.
As I thought, they are not going.
YAPPARI OMOSHIROI.
(depending on the prior conversation this could mean different things)
- In spite of what I thought, this was interesting.
- As I thought, this was interesting.
YAPPARI is also very commonly used alone in response to what someone says. YAPPARI! (just like I thought!)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
掛かる 【かかる】
This job takes time.
このしごとは時間がかかる。
How long will it take to the hotel?
ホテルまでどのくらいかかりますか？
mood, ambience, ambiance, aura, feel
ふんいき/ 雰囲気
Boss, supervisor, superior
上司 / Joushi
mostly
ほとんど
to work for (someone)
勤める 【つとめる】
Rarely
たまに
‘even if’ or ‘even though.
くても
a combination of the -く form of an い-adjective and the ても, which means ‘even if’ or ‘even though.’
Take the stem of an い-adjective (remove the い at the end). Add くても to it.
寒い (さむい) > さむくても (samukutemo): ‘Even if it’s cold’
Even if it’s expensive, I’ll buy it.
高くても買います
‘But’ or ‘Although’
けど
A general conjunction used to connect two contrasting ideas or to add a nuance of politeness to a sentence.
It doesn’t have the conditional meaning that くても has.
It’s cold, but I’ll go.
寒い けど 行きます。 (Samui kedo ikimasu.)
It’s expensive, but I’ll buy it.
高いけど買います。 (Takai kedo kaimasu.)
“Is it good/all right?
よろしい (good/fine/alright)
Yoroshii desu ka?
Now / The present (formal)
現在
げんざい (genzai)
just” or “only
だけ
Meaning 1 – for; in order to; for the benefit of.
Meaning 2 – because of; as a result of.
ために
This is used in various ways and with various different structures (which I’ll learn another time)
immediately
直ぐに【すぐに】
season
季節
Kisetsu
