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Japanese Edinburgh > Elementary Step 6 Summer 2024 > Flashcards

Elementary Step 6 Summer 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

When I went to the gym yesterday, there was Brad Pit.

A

昨日ジムに行ったら ブラピがいました。

This grammar construction is
used when the speaker found
something unexpectedly /
discover something new

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2
Q

Do you have a headache? Why don’t you go home? (Strong suggestion with slightly condescending?

A

あたまがいたいんですか? あたまがいたいんですか?

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3
Q

When I opened the window, a fly came in.

A

まどをあけたら はえ が はいってきました

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4
Q

I ate it (implies regret)

A

食べてしまいました。

て form + しまいました expresses 2 different meanings. 1) the speaker’s regret, reluctance or resignation and 2) determination
to get something done completely or quickly.

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5
Q

Last night I finished the homework. (determination)

A

昨日（きのう）の夜（よる） しゅくだいをして しまいました。

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6
Q

I will finish the summer holiday’s homework (as soon as possible)

A

なつやすみの宿題（しゅくだい）をしてしまいます。

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7
Q

To accidentally do something / to something determinedly and fast (informal)

A

ちゃう、じゃう
ちゃった、じゃった

In colloquial Japanese, ちゃう / じゃう is used
Think about the て form of the verb.
If it’s て as in 食（た）べて, it’s 食べちゃう.
If it’s で as in 飲（の）んで, it’s 飲んじゃう.

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8
Q

Telly-chan accidentally fell.

A

テリーちゃんはおちちゃった。
テリーちゃんがおちちゃった。

Using ‘が’ instead of ‘は’ in the sentence changes the focus slightly. ‘が’ emphasizes the subject (Telly-chan) more and often suggests that the fact being stated is new information or contrasts with something previously mentioned.

The base verb is ‘おちる’ (落ちる), which means ‘to fall’.

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9
Q

I accidentally saw

A

見ちゃった

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10
Q

I ate it.

I shouldn’t have but I’ve eaten it
(implies regret)

A

食べちゃった。

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11
Q

Therefore

A

と いう こと で

だから

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12
Q

Mnemonic for remembering Ba form

会う >
書く
食べる

A

In terms of romaji, remove the final “u” sound from any verb, and replace it with “eba.”

会えば (aeba)
書けば (kakeba)
食べれば

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13
Q

To arrive

A

着く (つく)
(つきました)
着いて (ついて)

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14
Q

I can only speak English (negative emphasis)

A

私は英語 しか しゃべれません。

私は英語 しか 話せません。

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15
Q

If you are hot, please turn on the air conditioner

A

暑ければ、エアコンをつけてください。
Atsukereba, eakon o tsukete kudasai.

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16
Q

If you turn right, there is a convenience store (all 3 conditional forms).

A

右に曲がったら、コンビニがあります。

右に曲がれば、コンビニがあります。

右に曲がると、コンビニがあります。

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17
Q

If I had money, I would buy something. (Hypothetical)

A

お金があったら、何かを買います
Okane ga attara, nanika o kaimasu

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18
Q

When I press this switch, something happens.

A

このスイッチを押したら、何かが起こります。
Kono suitchi o oshitara, nanika ga okorimasu
(Maybe other forms are possible)

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19
Q

If you had a million yen, what would you buy? (Hypothetical)

A

百万円 (ひゃくまんえん) が あったら、何を買いますか？

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20
Q

If you met a celebrity, what would you do?

A

有名人(ゆうめいじん)に会(あ)ったら、何をしますか？

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21
Q

If it’s cold, please wear a coat.

A

寒ければ、コートを着てください。
Samuke reba, kōto o kite kudasai.

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22
Q

If you look at the sky, you can see the stars.

A

空を見れば、星が見えます。
Sora o mireba, hoshi ga miemasu.

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23
Q

If you eat vegetables, you will become healthy.

A

野菜を食べれば、健康になります。
Yasai o tabereba, kenkō ni narimasu.

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24
Q

I only drink green tea.

A

私は緑茶だけを飲みます
Watashi wa ryokucha dake o nomimasu.

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25
Q

I drink only coffee.

A

私はコーヒーだけ飲みます。

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26
Q

If you press this button, the door opens.

A

このボタンを押(お) すと ドアが 開 (あ) きます。

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27
Q

If I don’t drink coffee, I will have a headache.

Nai form + と for conditional statements

A

コーヒーを 飲 まない と あたまが痛(いた) くなります。

28
Q

transitive verbs

intransitive verbs

A

他動詞 (たどうし) other move / transitive

自動詞 (じどうし) self move / intransitive

29
Q

I open the door.

A

私はドアを開ける (わたしは ドアを あける)

開ける (あける) - to open (something)

他動詞 (たどうし) other move / transitive

を is often used with transitive verbs as there is usually a direct object

30
Q

The door opens.

A

ドアが開く (ドア が あく)

開く (あく) - to open (by itself)

自動詞 (じどうし) self move / intransitive

が is often used with intransitive verbs.

31
Q

I close the window.

A

私はまどを閉める (わたし は まど を しめる)

閉める (しめる) - to close (something)

他動詞 (たどうし) other move / transitive

Cure Dolly says める/meru is always other move/trans

32
Q

The window closes.

A

まどが閉まる (まど が しまる)

閉まる (to close by itself).

自動詞 (じどうし) self move / intransitive

When one of the pairs end in ‘aru’ that will be the self-move/intransitive (because ‘aru’ means ‘be’).

33
Q

I put out the trash.

A

私はゴミを出す (わたしは ゴミを だす)

出す (だす) - to put out (something), to take out (something)

All verbs ending in す and せる are transitive verbs. Whether they have an intransitive “pair” or not.

を is used with direct object

34
Q

The man left the room.

A

男の人が部屋を出る (おとこのひとが へやを でる)

出る (でる, deru) - to go out, to leave

自動詞 (じどうし) self move / intransitive

35
Q

Raise (v)

A

上げるageru

other move/trans

36
Q

Rise (v)

A

上がるagaru

Aru for self-move/intrans. verbs

37
Q

Yuri is beautiful. That’s all. (her personality is not good etc)

A

ゆりちゃんは きれいなだけです。

だけ expresses “only, that’s all, as much as”.
* Verb + だけ
* Noun + だけ
* い adjective + だけ
* な adjective + だけ

38
Q

My husband cooks everyday. I only eat.

A

しゅじんは 毎日 りょうりをします。私は 食べるだけ です。

だけ expresses “only, that’s all, as much as”.
* Verb + だけ
* Noun + だけ
* い adjective + だけ
* な adjective + だけ

39
Q

しゅじんは あたまがいい だけです。

A

しゅじんは あたまがいい だけです。

40
Q

I only eat Natto.

A

なっとうだけ 食べます。

なっとうしか 食べません。

だけ x aff ＝ aff
しか x（neg）＝ aff (complaint)

41
Q

I don’t eat only Natto.
(I eat any other food)

A

なっとうだけ 食べません。

だけ x（neg）＝ neg

42
Q

Soon

I will go to Spain soon.

A

すぐ

(私は) すぐ に スペイン に 行きます。

43
Q

Vicinity / Neighborhood / Around

A

あたり

44
Q

In this area there are many restaurants.

A

このあたりには たくさん の レストラン が あります。

45
Q

(I) will do it soon.

A

すぐにやります。

やる is often used in casual or slightly informal contexts.
Can imply a physical action or task. やった! is the past form of やる

46
Q

I have a lot to do tomorrow.

A

明日 やる こと が たくさんある。

やる means “to do.” The phrase “やること” (yaru koto) translates to “things to do” or “tasks to do.”

47
Q

healthy

it’s healthy

A

けんこう

健康的です
Kenkō-tekidesu

48
Q

Intransitive Verb / self (moving) verb

A

自 動詞（じどうし)

49
Q

Transitive Verb / (from) other (moving) verb

A

他 動詞（たどうし

50
Q

Not only that; furthermore

A

しかも (shikamo)

51
Q

Must do something / Have to do something (formal)

A

Nai form changed to ‘な’ + ければなりません

Verb な(い) form + ければなりません expresses duty
or obligation and by extension, necessity.

52
Q

I have to go to school. (formal)

A

学校（がっこう）に行（い）かなきゃなりません。

53
Q

I have to take my medicine. (formal)

A

薬（くすり）を飲（の）まなければならないんです。

54
Q

I have to go to bed early. (formal)

A

早（はや）く寝（ね）なければならないんです。

55
Q

I can’t go to the movie. I have to clean the house. (formal)

A

映画（えいが）に行けません。家（いえ）を掃除（そうじ）しなければならないんです。

Clauses can be in either order.

56
Q

Must do something / Have to do something (inf.)

A

なきゃなりません
なきゃならない
なきゃ

57
Q

I must eat my meal. (inf.)

A

ご飯（ごはん）を食（た）べなきゃなりません。
ご飯（ごはん）を食（た）べなきゃならないんです。
ご飯（ごはん）を食（た）べなきゃ。

58
Q

I must write the report. (inf.)

A

レポートを 書（か）かなきゃなりません。
レポートを 書（か）かなきゃならないんです。
レポートを 書（か）かなきゃ。

59
Q

Etc. / …among other things / like…

A

~とか

60
Q

Please buy things like apples and tangerines /
Please buy and bring back apples and tangerines (or similar fruits).

Or please ‘get’

A

りんご とか みかん を買ってきてください。

61
Q

Suddenly

A

急に Kyuu Ni

62
Q

Negative form of ば conditional

E.g. 食べる > if you don’t eat

A

食べなければ (たべなければ)

Conjugate the verb into its negative form (ない form).

Replace ない with なければ.

63
Q

If (I) don’t go, (I) can’t meet my friend.

A

行かなければ、友達（ともだち）に会（あ）えません。

64
Q

If (you) do not watch, (you) will not understand.

A

見なければ、わかりません

65
Q

I don’t know how to use a computer.

A

方 / かた at the end of a verb in ます form, by removing the ます. Meaning way to _____

パソコン の つかい かた が わかりません。

66
Q

Teach me how to make a cake.

A

ケーキの作り方を知っていますか？ /
ケーキのつくりかたをしっていますか？

方 / かた at the end of a verb in ます form, by removing the ます. Meaning way to _____

67
Q

Tell me how to use it.

A

使い方を教えてください
Tsukaikata o oshietekudasai

方 / かた at the end of a verb in ます form, by removing the ます. Meaning way to _____

Japanese Edinburgh (14 decks)

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