Intermediate Step 1 / Autumn 2024 Flashcards
I start to study.
I start to eat.
勉強をします → 勉強をしはじめます
食べます → 食べはじめます
This grammar pattern is used when one
starts to / started to do something.
From when have you been learning Japanese?
いつから 日本語を 習いはじめましたか?
I started eating the meal 2 minutes ago.
2分前に ご飯 を食べ はじめました。
I started learning yoga 5 years ago.
5年前にヨガを習いはじめました。
(ねん) (なら)
From 2 years ago (in answer to the Q when did you start…?
2年前からです.
I’m really into… (Japanese Sports).
Kumi says this is only used for something you got into recently.
日本のスポーツ に は まっています。
The kanji for ハマる (はまる) is 嵌る. However, this kanji is not commonly used in everyday writing. Instead, it’s common to see it written in hiragana (はまる) or katakana (ハマる), especially when talking about being ‘hooked on’ or ‘really into’ something.
Regular polite & neutral form of Japanese that uses the ます (masu) and です (desu) endings
丁寧語 (ていねいご / tei nei go)
Unlike sonkeigo or kenjougo, which are specifically used for respecting someone or humbling yourself, teineigo is just a neutral way to speak politely.
Form used to show respect to the person you are talking to or about. It raises the status of the other person by using special words or verb forms.
Sonkeigo (尊敬語)
Used to show respect to the person you are talking about. It raises the status of the other person by using special words or verb forms.
Form used to humble yourself or the actions of your group. You lower your own status to show respect to the other person.
Kenjougo (謙譲語)
Form used to humble yourself or the actions of your group. You lower your own status to show respect to the other person.
尊敬語(そんけいご / honorific form) is used when
someone does an action and you would
like to describe it.
社長は コーヒー を お飲みになります
社長(しゃちょう)Manager
‘beautified language,’ used to make speech sound more refined, elegant, or polite (Kumi doesn’t know this word)
Bikago (美化語)
‘beautified language,’ used to make speech sound more refined, elegant, or polite. It adds a sense of politeness, but it’s not specifically about respecting someone of higher status or humbling yourself.
します > 尊敬語
なさいます(なさる)
います、行きます、来ます > 尊敬語
いらっしゃいます(いらっしゃる)
話(はな)します > 尊敬語
お話しになります
帰(かえ)ります > 尊敬語
お帰りになります
聞きます > 尊敬語
お聞きになります
食べます > 尊敬語
めしあがります(めしあがる)
召し上がる (めしあがる / meshiagaru) This sonkeigo form is commonly written in kanji. This can also be used for drink (nomu can be done with this form or nomu can be done as o-nomi-ni-narimasu)
見ます > 尊敬語
ごらんになります(ごらんになる)
ご覧になる (ご覧 is typically written in kanji).
くれます > 尊敬語
くださいます(くださる)
書きます > 尊敬語
お書きになります
読みます > 尊敬語
お読みになります
乗(の)ります > 尊敬語
お乗りになります