Jim Crow

Question 1

1883 supreme court ruling what was case

Answer 1

5 cases brought together who had all been denied access due to their race (2 in hotels, 2 in theatres and 1 in a railway carriage)
argues they were denied their civil rights guaranteed by Civil Rights Act 1875 and was contrary to 14h and their inferiority was a badge of servitude which was against 13th

Question 2

1883 supreme court ruling

Answer 2

civil rights act 1875 = unconstitutional
14th amendment outlawed actions by state governments, not individuals
8 to 1 (Harlan dissented)

Question 3

reaction to the 1883 supreme court ruling

Answer 3

Frederick Douglas speech Lincoln Hall October
undid much of the good done by reconstruction
time in the sun was over
legitimised Jim Crow laws

Question 4

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 4

began florida in railroad cars 1887
spread to cover almost all areas of public life
by early 20th century former confederacy had two separate societies living side by side
de facto and de jure
disenfranchisement

Question 5

examples of how a/a were disenfranchised

Answer 5

fraud: Mississippi officials maintained mules ate ballot papers from black majority counties
Literacy tests: later sat by Harvard students late twentieth century and the students failed them
Grandfather clause: started by Louisiana 1898 (1915 NAACP took to the supreme court and was ruled unconstitutional)
poll taxes
shoestring districts
white primaries
Louisiana shrank their black electorate by 90%

Question 6

Black resistance to jim crow

Answer 6

accommodationist - Booker T. Washington = Atlanta Compromise speech 1895 (can lived segregated as long as whites would allow a/a to advance economically)
NAACP formed 1909
anti-lynching (failed, took till 2005)
Ida B Wells (anti-lynching)

Question 7

names & dates of 3 landmark supreme court rulings 1896-1899

Answer 7

Plessy v Ferguson 1896
Williams v Mississippi 1898
Cumming v Board of Education 1899

Question 8

Plessy v ferguson

Answer 8

testing 14th
Homer Plessy selected by NAACP (1/8 black)
chosen to test constitutionality of separate car law
made ruling of separate but equal
Harlan was sole dissenter

Question 9

Williams v Mississippi

Answer 9

testing 14th and 15th
black defendant challenged his indictment for murder on grounds Mississippi unconstitutionally excluded a/a from juries as had to be registered to vote and poll tax + literacy tests prevented this
ruled Mississippi state constitution was not discriminatory

Question 10

Cumming v board of education

Answer 10

challenged 15th
Georgia country stopped funding the single black high school with excuse was to concentrate limited funds on black primary schools
court ruled the inequality was reasonable under the circumstances