I Have A Dream

Question 1

Earl Warren

Answer 1

14th chief justice of the united states
liberal
revolutionary in the supreme court and made sure many of the major supreme courts rulings on major civil rights legislation were unanimous to strengthen the case

Question 2

brown v board of education date and case and ruling

Answer 2

1954
case brought by NAACP and Thurgood marshall
Brown’s daughter had to walk six blocks to her school bus stop to ride to Monroe Elementary, her segregated black school one mile away, while Sumner Elementary, a white school, was seven blocks from her house
overturned Plessy precedent of separate but equal
even if facilities were equal, it was psychologically harmful
unanimous 9-0 decision

Question 3

when and why did brown 2 happen

Answer 3

1955
brown 1 set no time frame for integrating schools
brown 2 declared it had to be carried out ‘with all deliberate speed’

Question 4

sweat v painter

Answer 4

1950
ordered a $3 million upgrade for Prairie view university, texas (black university) as facilities weren’t equal to the white university

Question 5

Browder v Gayle

Answer 5

1956

segregation on public transport within cities unconstitutional

Question 6

Boynton v Virginia

Answer 6

1960

segregated bus depots were illegal

Question 7

Bailey v Patterson

Answer 7

1962

legal segregation on interstate public transport was unconstitutional

Question 8

little rock

Answer 8

by 1956 not one public school in the south had been integrated
1957 central high school, little rock, Arkansas integrated
9 a/a students carefully selected
faced huge violence and verbal aggression
resulted in direct action by President Eisenhower as he had to deploy 1000 of the 101st airborne division to get the kids inside the school

Question 9

Melba Pattillo

Answer 9

one of the little rock nine
was inspired by the ‘self-assured air’ of Thurgood marshall
was pushed down the stairs + had burning paper and chemicals thrown in her face
when older said she couldn’t believe NAACP had put them in such a position
wrote a book afterwards ‘Warriors Don’t Cry’

Question 10

when was the Montgomery bus boycott and which boycott before it had failed

Answer 10

1956

baton rouge boycott before it had failed so needed this to succeed

Question 11

spark that set of Montgomery bus boycott

Answer 11

Rosa Parks, Montgomery, Alabama - NAACP activist
I white man standing so driver asks four black passengers to stand as they couldn’t sit parallel
Rosa parks refused to move
E.D. Nixon took up her case

Question 12

how boycott worked

Answer 12

blacks boycotted the buses which destroyed businesses as a/a weren’t able to shop where they used to and the bus company’s profits slumped
Martin luther King led the boycott and this helped his rise to fame
MIA = Montgomery improvement association set up to help blacks (eg offered alternative lifts)
381 days bus company had to buckle

Question 13

SCLC what does it stand for, aims and when

Answer 13

southern Christian leadership conference
advance the civil rights movement in a non-violent manner
1957

Question 14

SCLC failure

Answer 14

1961-2 Albany, Georgia

protest against racially discrimination - not enough media coverage and so was quietly dealt with

Question 15

SCLC birmingham

Answer 15

Birmingham, Alabama 1963
non-violent protested over discrimination
Bull Connor sent police in who violently ended the protest
MLK ‘a letter from a Birmingham jail’
businesses offered some desegregation

Question 16

March on Washington 
when
who
how many
why

Answer 16

28th august 1963
organised by SCLC
250,000 people
to march in protest of a/a civil rights

Question 17

result of march on washinton

Answer 17

I have a dream speech

JFK announces on tv new civil rights bill

Question 18

who had tried a march on Washington before and when

Answer 18

A. Philip Randolf

1941 but FDR stopped after negotiations

Question 19

SNCC
what does it stand for
date

Answer 19

Student non-violence co-ordinating committee

1960

Question 20

SNCC first campaign

Answer 20

1st February 1960
4 a/a students Greensboro, north Carolina
sat at white lunch counter of woolworths and wouldn’t move till they had been served
inspired copycat protests across the south between February and april
media publicity
led to the desegregation of lunch counters across the south

Question 21

CORE

when what does it stand for

Answer 21

established 1942 Chicago

congress of racial equality

Question 22

freedom rides

Answer 22

CORE
1961
4 white and 4 black students took interstate buses from Virginia to Mississippi
were attacked and beaten along the way (eg at Jackson Mississippi
televised coverage
RFK issued orders to enforce racial segregation on interstate busses

Question 23

civil rights act

Answer 23

after Birmingham and march on Washington JFK announced CRA
was assassinated November 1964
taken up by LBJ in memory of JFK
had to break a 57 day filibuster by southern democrats
gave federal tools to end de jure segregation and furthered school desegregation

Question 24

voting rights act

Answer 24

1965
much easier to pass than CRA
king’s Selma campaign + bloody sunday 7th march 1965 + election landslide 1964 + freedom summer 1964 = conditions for VRA
by 1966 only 4 of southern states had less than 50% of a/a registered to vote
number of a/a elected to office in south between 1965-1969 increased six fold

Question 25

divisions in the civil rights movement

Answer 25

black power
Malcolm X
NOI
black panthers
Meredith march

Question 26

Meredith march

Answer 26

june 1966
Meredith was the first a/a in university of Mississippi
marched from Memphis to Jackson to encourage a/a to register to vote
shot on the second day
black organisations took over
NAACP = support of the CR bill
SNCC = militant and anti-white participation
MLK = freedom and pro white participation
competing chants of ‘black power’ vs ‘freedom now’

Question 27

good done by the black panthers

Answer 27

1967 breakfast program for a/a kids in Oakland and medical advce

Question 28

how MLK became alienated

Answer 28

anti-Vietnam war so lost government / presidential support
1966 Chicago failure
had achieved legal equality but failed on social and economic equality