Free At Last

Question 1

how many states succeeded from the union and when

Answer 1

11

1860-1

Question 2

when was the emancipation proclamation and where

Answer 2

September 1862 - battle of Antietam

Question 3

what was the emancipation proclamation

Answer 3

all slaves in the confederate states are now free

Question 4

how many died in the American civil war

Answer 4

620 000

Question 5

13th amendment to the constitution what and date

Answer 5

December 1865

ended slavery = 4 million a/a freed

Question 6

14th amendment to the constitution what and date

Answer 6

July 1968

all citizens equal protection under the law + defined citizen

Question 7

15th amendment to the constitution what and date

Answer 7

February 1870

guaranteed male citizens right to vote (but was later overcome by poll tax, literacy tests and grandfather clauses)

Question 8

dred scott case

Answer 8

1857
a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen
couldn’t in federal court
federal government had no power to regulate slavery
14th amendment undid this

Question 9

what was the position of freed slaves (4 topics to consider)

Answer 9

Freedman's bureau
Representation
Sharecropping
Economic
Education

Question 10

Freedman’s bureau

Answer 10

1865 - 1872
meant to assist freedmen in the south
spent $5million on education
meant to role out 40 acres and a mule policy but only 2000 families acquired the land - failed as had 858,000 acres of abandoned land to give
undermanned and underfunded - never more than 900 people working for it

Question 11

representation

Answer 11

ok
2 senators
16 in house of representatives
1000 held local posts
but
gerrymandering 
black codes (poll tax, grandfather clauses, literacy tests)

Question 12

sharecropping

Answer 12

a/a farms piece of land and in payment white land owner took a proportion of the crop
also loans taken by a/a to cover costs of equipment
left freedmen in large amounts of debt, often in a worse position than they had been in slavery
1870 - only around 30,000 a/a owned land

Question 13

economic position

Answer 13

very poor as southern economy in disarray after civil war
eg: 1864 98% of exports from the union, 2% from the confederacy
also union 300,000 cotton bales, confederacy produced a negligible amount as had been destroyed by the civil war
but some small success stories eg Isaac Myers founded a co-operative in Baltimore 1865, raised $10,000 and bought a shipyard employing 300 a/a

Question 14

education

Answer 14

1830s = anti-literacy laws forbade free and enslaved black people from becoming literate
freedman’s bureau opened 1000 schools across the south for black pupils

Question 15

problem of many advances a/a made after civil war

Answer 15

not sustainable

when reconstruction ended so did most of the money

Question 16

Presidential Reconstruction when and who

Answer 16

April - December 1865

Under President Johnson

Question 17

presidential reconstruction what happened

Answer 17

Johnson tried to quickly restore the union
had to accept end of slavery / 13th amendment and reject the confederacy then back in the union
black codes were allowed
Johnson vetoed freedman’s bureau bill, civil rights bill but was overridden by congress
lost the support of radical republicans

Question 18

how did radical reconstruction start and what happened

Answer 18

14th amendment was blocked by southern states
congress started its own reconstruction program
military reconstruction act

Question 19

what did the military reconstruction act result in

Answer 19

no southern state had a legal government (apart from Tennessee)
put under military command
couldn’t send representatives to congress
disqualified ex-confederates from office
had to draw up new constitutions allowing all adult males to vote + 14th amendment

Question 20

what did radical reconstruction do for a/a

Answer 20

given representation

in south 700,000 a/a registered to vote vs 600,000 white

Question 21

white backlash, which groups

Answer 21

KKK
White league
Knights of White Camellia

Question 22

KKK

Answer 22

set up by Forrest 1866
membership of around half a million across the south
lynching
autumn 1870 - Tuskegee, Alabama nearly every black church and school house burnt down
Force Acts largely destroyed them

Question 23

The White League

Answer 23

military arm of the democratic party

capitalised on yellow fever outbreak = removal of federal troops = battle of liberty place

Question 24

Knights of White Camellia

Answer 24

caused the single biggest loss of a/a in reconstruction
Colfax massacre
280 a/a killed

Question 25

1875 civil rights act

Answer 25

aimed to prevent discrimination in public places

supreme court ruled unconstitutional 1883

Question 26

how did reconstruction come to an end

Answer 26

Democrats regained control of the south & by 1875 only Louisiana, Florida and South Carolina had Republican controlled state governments
1872 amnesty act
1875 Grant says public were tired of annual autumnal outbreaks in the south
1873 economic downturn
1876 election result

Question 27

1876 election result

Answer 27

Tilden (D) vs Hayes (R)
Hayes sought southern support by taking an anti-reconstruction position
tilden won popular vote by Hayes got electoral college 185 to 184

Question 28

when did reconstruction officially end

Answer 28

1877 with the inauguration of Rutherford Hayes