Jewish and Early Christian

Question 1

Analysis

1. Title, Location+ Date

2. Medium (1)

3. Subject + Function (3)

What is symbolized?

How?

What is borrowed?

4. Appearance + Relevance (9)

What design is shown?

What does it symbolize?

What is in the center?

What are the orant figures?

What Christian tale is depicted? What does it parrallel?

What is Jonah’s recuperation symbolize?

What kind of modeling?

What kind of form? How?

Answer 1

1. The Good Shepherd , Orants, and the Story of Jonah, from Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, Rome Jewish and Early Christian 3rd-4th CE

2.

• catacomb painting

3.

• Jesus’ parables
  
  • good shepard doesnt allow harm to come
  • Jesus tending to flock (people)
• Borrow imagery of previous painting as their own

Appearance + Relavence

• set within a 2 dimensional design
  
  • large circle encloses series of circles
• symbolizes the cross
  
  • cross is symbol of sacrifice of life
  • Jesus ascension into god
• centered man with sheep holding small one
• Orant figure hands out in devotion
• jonah and sea monster is depicted
  
  • misinterpreted as whale
  • parralels death and resurection of christ (prefiguring)
• jonah recuperating is image of paradise
• realistic modeling
• 3 dimensional form
  
  • non believable
  • light and shadow

Question 2

1. Title, Location+ Date
2. Medium

What was it made of? Why?

3. Subject + Function

What stories are told?

What scens are depicted? What do they believe about them?

What did they try to depict?

4. Appearance + Relevance

What is about to happen? What

Describe the orants

Describe the good shepard

Describe the seated philosopher: what was he thought of? Who was he important to? What did he wear? Where was he seated? What did he hold? In what art was he common? Who appropriated it? What source did he serve as?

Was realism important?

Describe aesthetics of nudity

Describe natural representation

Answer 2

1. Sarcophagus with Philosopher, Orant, Old and New Testament scenes, Rome Jewish and Early Christian 3rd-4th CE

2.

• stone relief carving

3.

• tell strories from beliefs
• scenes from old testament
  
  • believes it prefigures own testament
• tried to show nude figure being swallowed

4.

• abraham about to sacrifice isaac
  
  • angel comes to intervene
  • prefigures sacrifice of god’s son
• orant, hands in devotion
• good shepard with sheep on shouldiers
• seated philosopher
  
  • lover of wisdom/ wise man
  • important to the greeks
  • long robes
  • on a stool
  • holds scroll, has writings
    
    • written ideas
  • common in Roman Art
  • appropriated by Christians
  • source for seated evangilist
• no importance in realistic
• aesthetics of nudity, gone
• natural representationion believable way is no more

Question 3

Analysis

1. Title, Location+ Date
2. Medium (1)

What was it made of? Why?

3. Subject + Function (2)

Who is inside?

Why is it important?

What was it used for?

What is depicted?

4. Appearance + Relevance

How many images? How?

How is it like previous structure?

How many scenes?

What are they?

What is in low center? What does it emphasize? What is it similar to?

How big?

What does animal do?

What changes?

What is in mid center? Where does he sit? What is beneath? Where are peter and paul? What does christ do? Why is paul important? How are they shown? What do they wear? Why?

What are adam and eve doing? Why? What is shamed?

Answer 3

1. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, from Rome Jewish and Early Christian 3rd-4th CE

2.

• marble rellief carving

3.

• holds important roman statesman
• bibllical images
  
  • style shows continuity of Roman Art
    
    • for Christian subject matter
• art used to make abstract tangible

4.

• 4x8 feet tall
• 10 framed images
• includes suffering of jobe
• daniel in the lions den
• old testament saccrifice of isaac in the upper left
• adam and eve
  
  • adam and eve nude but covering genitals
  • symbolic for narrative
  • happily nude, but genitals represent shame
• arrestes of peter and paul
  • peter upper left paul lower right
    upper right
  • paul is important who writes his own interpretation
• two sections for christ brought before pontius pilate
• low center jesus enters jerusuleum
  
  • jesus rides of donkey
  • animal has head held high
  • emphasizes him on triumphant
  • similar to equestrian statues but more humble
• framed by architectural columns, corinthian capital
• like previously
  
  • entabliture
  • arches on tops of pediments
• iconography changes but sources are in earlier art
• in center shows as christ
  
  • sits on throne
  • beneath is classical minor god
    
    • included for allegorical purposes and symbolism
  • peter and paul on either side
  • christ hans them scroll distributeing legal authority (like hamurrabi)
  • shown youthful, long robes
  • toga and tunics like romans
    
    • holy people attire

Question 4

1. Title, Location+ Date
2. Medium (1)

What was it made of? Why?

3. Subject + Function

What does it concern? What was it used for?

4. Appearance + Relevance (5)

What does he look like? How?

What does he sit on?

How is his age?

What is his status?

Answer 4

Christ Seated, from Latina Jewish and Early Christian 3rd-4th CE

Medium

• marble

Subject Matter+ Function

Appearance + Relavence

• looks like roman emperor
  
  • augustus with long robes
  • sandals
• sits on seath of authority
• shown youthful
• divine

Question 5

Analysis

1. Title, Location+ Date
2. Medium (3)

What was it made of? Why?

3. Subject + Function

What was previously torn down? Why?

Who was it dedicated to? Why?

Where is it located?

What grows throughout the centuries?

4. Appearance + Relevance

How big is it?

What shape is it? Why?

What is the central room called?

What were the side isles for?

What wahe transept for?

Where is the altar? What is it similar to?

What do the large steps lead to?

Describe the Atrium

Describe the structure in terms of sacredness

What was used for light? Like whom?

What influenced this?

Answer 5

Old Saint Peter’s, Rome Jewish and Early Christian 3rd-4th CE

Medium

• concrete walls & columns
• cut stone
• wooden roof

Subject Matter+ Function

• previosly torn down church so this could be built
• dedicated to peter, first apostle
  
  • for worship of christ
• at believed burial site of peter
  
  • repsonsible for christian faith, first bishop aka pope
• papacy will grow throughout centuries

Appearance + Relavence

• enormous
• shape of cross
  
  • symbolizeing Jesus sacrifice
• central room is nave
• side isles accomodate congregation
• transept- accomadated clergy; perpendicular to nave
• altar is in front of apse
  
  • similar to roman design
• large steps lead to entranceway, the gatehouse
  
  • on short side
  • like roman temples
• Atrium courtyard is enclosed
  
  • surround by arcade
  • similar to roman houses
  • similar to Egyptian temples
• more sacred farther back
• clerestory windows for light
  
  • like egyptian
• Influenced by Roman Basilica