Jeopardy Review for Research Methods (Psych 313) Flashcards
most of these are pulled from questions to ponder and powerpoints
Experimental proves ______, non-experimental proves _____?
causation, correlation
what is the number of conditions in a 2x2 factorial design?
four
each level of an independent variable is what?
a factor
what statistical measurement indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables?
Pearsons R
what experiment aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and dependent variable?
a quasi-experiment
what variables in a quasi-experiment are manipulated?
manipulation of an independent variable without the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions
what is the consistency of measures across different researchers?
inter-rater reliability
what is the type of design that has the lowest internal validity?
correlation study
what is the main goal of naturalistic observation?
to observe behavior in a real-world setting
why does a correlational design have low internal validity?
because of little to no control over extraneous variables
what are the types of graphs that can show a factorial design?
line graph and bar graph
what is it called when using existing records or data sets to study patterns over time?
archival design
what interaction is considered the strongest in how it appears on a line graph?
a crossover interaction
what is the statistical process that shows the internal consistency of multiple IVs
a Cronbach’s alpha
what graph is used to show correlational design?
a scatterplot
what is the design that adds a comparison group, but the selection of participants is not random?
a non-equivalent control group design
non-manipulated IVs are ___, not ____
measured not manipulated
what is the correlation coefficient?
Pearsons R
the three elements of naturalistic observations are?
- coding
- measurement
- sampling
what are the missing elements that differentiate non-experimental from experimental research?
control and manipulation
what are the types of non-experimental research?
- correlational
- observational
- archival
what approach of factorial design is tested in only one condition and additionally requires only minimal time and effort by participants
between-subject
why do researchers avoid interference in naturalistic observation?
to prevent influencing the participant’s natural behavior
hypothetically, a researcher is studying the relationship between physical activity and improved academic performance, and the effects of rest. what variable is acting as a mediator?
the effects of rest
what is a mediator?
a variable that explains the process or mechanism through which an independent variable influences a dependent variable
what is the process of categorizing and organizing data into themes or variables to make it easier to analyze?
coding
what examines relationships between multiple variables?
complex correlational design
what method involves pairing participants based on shared characteristics, (typically used when random assignment is not feasible) and helps control for individual differences that could influence the results of a study?
(studied in chapter 7)
matching pairs or repeated measures
