Jeopardy Review for Research Methods (Psych 313)

Question 1

Experimental proves ______, non-experimental proves _____?

Answer 1

causation, correlation

Question 2

what is the number of conditions in a 2x2 factorial design?

Answer 2

four

Question 3

each level of an independent variable is what?

Answer 3

a factor

Question 4

what statistical measurement indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables?

Answer 4

Pearsons R

Question 5

what experiment aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and dependent variable?

Answer 5

a quasi-experiment

Question 6

what variables in a quasi-experiment are manipulated?

Answer 6

manipulation of an independent variable without the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions

Question 7

what is the consistency of measures across different researchers?

Answer 7

inter-rater reliability

Question 8

what is the type of design that has the lowest internal validity?

Answer 8

correlation study

Question 9

what is the main goal of naturalistic observation?

Answer 9

to observe behavior in a real-world setting

Question 10

why does a correlational design have low internal validity?

Answer 10

because of little to no control over extraneous variables

Question 11

what are the types of graphs that can show a factorial design?

Answer 11

line graph and bar graph

Question 12

what is it called when using existing records or data sets to study patterns over time?

Answer 12

archival design

Question 13

what interaction is considered the strongest in how it appears on a line graph?

Answer 13

a crossover interaction

Question 14

what is the statistical process that shows the internal consistency of multiple IVs

Answer 14

a Cronbach’s alpha

Question 15

what graph is used to show correlational design?

Answer 15

a scatterplot

Question 16

what is the design that adds a comparison group, but the selection of participants is not random?

Answer 16

a non-equivalent control group design

Question 17

non-manipulated IVs are ___, not ____

Answer 17

measured not manipulated

Question 18

what is the correlation coefficient?

Answer 18

Pearsons R

Question 19

the three elements of naturalistic observations are?

Answer 19

1. coding
2. measurement
3. sampling

Question 20

what are the missing elements that differentiate non-experimental from experimental research?

Answer 20

control and manipulation

Question 21

what are the types of non-experimental research?

Answer 21

1. correlational
2. observational
3. archival

Question 22

what approach of factorial design is tested in only one condition and additionally requires only minimal time and effort by participants

Answer 22

between-subject

Question 23

why do researchers avoid interference in naturalistic observation?

Answer 23

to prevent influencing the participant’s natural behavior

Question 24

hypothetically, a researcher is studying the relationship between physical activity and improved academic performance, and the effects of rest. what variable is acting as a mediator?

Answer 24

the effects of rest

Question 25

what is a mediator?

Answer 25

a variable that explains the process or mechanism through which an independent variable influences a dependent variable

Question 26

what is the process of categorizing and organizing data into themes or variables to make it easier to analyze?

Answer 26

coding

Question 27

what examines relationships between multiple variables?

Answer 27

complex correlational design

Question 28

what method involves pairing participants based on shared characteristics, (typically used when random assignment is not feasible) and helps control for individual differences that could influence the results of a study?
(studied in chapter 7)

Answer 28

matching pairs or repeated measures