JC70 - Electrolyte and Acid-base Disorders Flashcards
Differentiate primary metabolic and respiratory acidosis vs alkalosis
Anion gap formula
Causes of high Anion gap
DKA Alcoholic ketoacidosis Lactic acidosis Renal failure Rhabdomyolysis
Causes of normal anion gap acidosis
Osmolar gap formula
Lactic acidosis
Causes
Tx
Dx - high AG metabolic acidosis
Treatment -O2 therapy, Sodium Carbonate therapy, Hemodialysis with Bicarbonate dialysis
Risks of NaHCO3 therapy
HypoK
HypoCa
Paradoxical Cerebral Acidosis
RTA
types
4 types of RTA and electrolyte imbalances
Type 1 - Distal RTA - failure of H+ secretion
- HypoK
- Hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and stones
Type 2 - Proximal RTA - Loss of HCO3
- HypoK
- High PO4
- High uricuria, Hypercitraturia
- Rickets, Osteomalacia, Fanconi’s syndrome
Type 3 - Mixed, HypoK
Type 4 - HYPERK
Causes of T1 and T2 RTA
Dx RTA
FEHco3- test interpretation
NH4Cl loading test interpretation
Type 4 RTA mechanism
Type 4 RTA causes
Low aldosterone/ resistance
Tx of RTA
Metabolic alkalosis causes and Tx
PseudohypoNa
Causes
HypoNa
Causes
4 tests to find causes
Serum osmolality (low in true hypoNa)
Volume status
Urine osmolarity
Urine Na (>20 = SIADH, inappropriate)
Causes of SIADH
Treatment of hypoNa
Treatment of HyperNa
HypoK causes
How to determine urine K loss
Symptoms of HypoK
Mx of HypoK
HyperK causes
HyperK S/S
Dx
S/S: Weakness, cardiac arrhythmia
HyperK Dx;
Tx of HyperK
