Jaundice

Question 1

What is bilirubin?

Answer 1

by product of the break down of red blood cells and mainly occurs in the spleen

Question 2

What is bilirubin used for to produce? where is this product made?

Answer 2

bile in the liver

Question 3

Where does bile travel to?

Answer 3

the biliary tree

Question 4

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 4

involved in storage and concentration of the bile.

Question 5

What is bile used for?

Answer 5

the normal absorption of fats from the small intestine

Question 6

What are the 3 functions of the liver

Answer 6

glycogen storage bile secretion other metabolic activities

Question 7

Which ribs are the liver protected by?

Answer 7

7-11

Question 8

What are the 4 anatomical lobes of the liver called?

Answer 8

right and left lobe caudate lobe and quadrate lobe

Question 9

What are the two ligaments in the liver?

Answer 9

Falciform ligament and round ligament

Question 10

There are 8 functional segments of the liver, what 4 tubes do they include?

Answer 10

• Branch of a hepatic artery
• Branch of a hepatic portal vein
• Bile drainage (to bile duct)
• Venous drainage (to IVC)

Question 11

What does an increase in central venous pressure cause?

Answer 11

IVC and hepatic vein lack valves therefore liver congestion can occur

Question 12

•The hepatic veins directing ….. blood from the …… come together as 3 veins before entering……

Answer 12

deoxygenated, liver, IVC

Question 13

which ligament does the portal triad run within

Answer 13

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 14

the first of the 3 midline abdominal aortic branches are split into which 3 arteries?

Answer 14

• splenic
• left gastric
• common hepatic artery

Question 15

the spleen is protected by which ribs?

Answer 15

ribs 9-11

Question 16

What are the major supplies of blood to stomach?

Answer 16

right and left gastric arteries

right and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 17

What is the blood supply to the liver?

Answer 17

hepatic portal vein (75%) right and left hepatic artery that branches from hepatic artery proper (25%)

Question 18

Learn this image and repeat

Answer 18

learn image

Question 19

What are the 2 clinically important sections of the peritoneal cavity related to liver?

Answer 19

Hepatorenal recess (morrisons pouch)

sub-phrenic recess

Question 20

What is the condition called and what occurs when there is a collection of puss in the 2 major recesses of the liver?

Answer 20

peritonitis-abscess formation

Question 21

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein

Answer 21

drains blood from foregut (splenic), midgut (superior mesenteric) and hindgut(inferior mesenteric drains into splenic) for first-pass metabolism and drains in to the IVC leading to right atrium

Question 22

bile drains out of gall bladder via……duct?

Answer 22

cystic

Question 23

blood supply to the gall bladder via?

Answer 23

cystic artery which is the branch of the right hepatic artery

Question 25

what are the 4 ducts that make the billiary tree?

Answer 25

Common hepatic duct right and left hepatic duct cystic duct

Question 26

Where does the duodenum begin and end?

Answer 26

begins at pyloric sphincter and ends in gastrojejunal flexure

Question 27

What are the 2 functions of the pancreas?

Answer 27

exocrine- acinar cells-pancreatic digestive enzymes into main pancreatic duct Endocrine-hormones-islet of Langerhans produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon and pass into blood stream

Question 28

bile duct joins with the main .....duct to form the ....of vater. both then drain in the 2nd part of the ........ this joining in the duodenum is known as the sphincter of.....

Answer 28

pancreatic ampulla of vater duodenum oddi

Question 29

What are the two ways the biliary tree can be obstructed?

Answer 29

- gall stones formation - carcinoma at the head of the pancreas

Question 30

What does the blockage of gall bladder lead to?

Answer 30

flow of bile back up in liver that overspills into the blood stream

Question 31

What are the blood supplies to the duodenum and the pancreas?

Answer 31

gastroduodenal artery splenic artery superior mesenteric artery superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal artery

Question 32

What is the cause of pancreatitis?

Answer 32

blockage of the ampulla by a gallstone leading to bile diverted to pancreas leading to inflammation