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GI system > Jaundice > Flashcards

Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellowing of sclera and skin

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2
Q

What are the types of jaundice?

A

Pre-hepatic

Intra-hepatic

Post-hepatic

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3
Q

What is the cause of pre-hepatic jaundice?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

increased breakdown of red blood cells, haemaglobin, haem into unconjugated bilirubin

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4
Q

How does pre-hepatic jaundice affect bilirubin levels in the blood?

A

High unconjugated bilirubin in the blood

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5
Q

How jaundiced is a patient with pre-hepatic jaundice?

A

Mild jaundice, yellow tinge

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6
Q

How does pre-hepatic jaundice affect liver function?

A

Liver does more work
conjugates more bilirubin
excretes more conjugated bilirubin in bile

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7
Q

How does pre-hepatic jaundice affect urobilinogen? Why?

A

Increased urobilinogen in the gut, blood and urine

because more conjugated bilirubin in bile in gut

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8
Q

How does pre-hepatic jaundice affect urine? Why?

A

Normal urine

no conjugated bilirubin in the blood, none excreted into urine

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9
Q

How does pre-hepatic jaundice affect stercobilin? Why?

A

Increased stercobilin in the gut and faeces

because more urobilinogen in gut

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10
Q

How does pre-hepatic jaundice affect stools? Why?

A

Darker stools

increased stercobilin in the stools makes them darker

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11
Q

What is the cause of intra-hepatic jaundice?

A

Liver does not conjugate bilirubin, excrete conjugated bilirubin

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12
Q

How does intra-hepatic jaundice affect bilibrubin levels in the blood? Why?

A

Raised unconjugated bilirubin in the blood
raised conjugated bilirubin in the blood

back up into the blood

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13
Q

How jaundiced is a patient with intra-hepatic jaundice?

A

Moderate jaundice, orange tinge

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14
Q

How does intra-hepatic jaundice affect urobilinogen? Why?

A

Normal urobilinogen in gut, blood, urine

because some conjugated bilirubin enters the gut in bile

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15
Q

How does intra-hepatic jaundice affect urine? Why?

A

Darker urine
because conjugated bilirubin in the blood is excreted into the urine
is a brown colour

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16
Q

How does intra-hepatic jaundice affect stercobilin? Why?

A

Normal stercobilin in gut and faeces

because urobilinogen levels are normal

17
Q

How does intra-hepatic jaundice affect stools? Why?

A

Normal

because normal stercobilin levels in the faeces

18
Q

What is the cause of post-hepatic jaundice?

A

Biliary tree does not carry conjugated bilirubin in bile from the liver to the duodenum

19
Q

How does post-hepatic jaundice affect bilirubin levels in the blood? Why?

A

Raised levels of conjugated bilirubin in the blood

because it backs up

20
Q

How jaundiced is a patient with post-hepatic jaundice?

A

Severe jaundice, green tinge

21
Q

How does post-hepatic jaundice affect urobilinogen?

A

Low levels of urobilinogen in the gut, blood, urine

because conjugated bilirubin isn’t entering the gut in bile

22
Q

How does post-hepatic jaundice affect the urine? Why?

A

Darker urine
because conjugated bilirubin in the blood is excreted into the urine
is a brown colour

23
Q

How does post-hepatic jaundice affect stercobilin?

A

Low levels of stercobilin in gut and faeces

because low levels of urobilinogen

24
Q

How does post-hepatic jaundice affect stools?

A

Pale stools

because low levels of stercobilin in stools

25
Q

What is a common symptom of post-hepatic jaundice? Why?

A

Pruritis

because bile salts back up in the blood, deposit in skin

26
Q

What are some conditions that cause intra-hepatic jaundice?

A

Hepatitis

Cirrhosis

27
Q

How are conjugated bilirubin levels in the urine measured?

A

Visibly by colour

Dipstick

28
Q

How are urobilinogen levels in the urine measured?

A

Dipstick

29
Q

What are some conditions that cause post-hepatic jaundice?

A

Biliary tree obstruction

GI system (21 decks)

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