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GI system > Development of abdominal wall, peritoneum, peritoneal cavity and foregut > Flashcards

Development of abdominal wall, peritoneum, peritoneal cavity and foregut Flashcards

1
Q

How is the anterior abdominal wall formed?

A

Lateral folding of the embryo

edges meet each other in midline

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2
Q

How is the posterior abdominal wall formed?

A

Lateral folding of embryo

lengthening of trilaminar disc

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3
Q

How is the primitive gut tube formed?

A

Lateral folding of embryo

Cranio-caudal folding of embryo

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4
Q

How does lateral folding of the embryo form the promitive gut tube?

A

Pinches off portion of yolk sac

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5
Q

How does cranio-caudal folding of the embryo form the primitive gut tube?

A

Elongates the primitive gut tube

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6
Q

What type of embryonic tissue is the primitive gut tube made up of?

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

What are the different parts of the primitive gut tube? How are they arraged?

A

Foregut at cranial end

Midgut

Hindgut at caudal end

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8
Q

What is the primitive gut tube located in in the embryo?

A

Intraembryonic coelom

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9
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom develop into?

A

Thoracic cavity

Abdomino-pelvic cavities

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10
Q

How is the intraembryonic coelom separated into thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities?

A

Septum transversum divides it into two

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11
Q

What does the septum transversum develop into?

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

What do the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm lining the intra-embryonic coelom develop into?

A

Pericardium

Pleura

Peritoneum

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13
Q

What does the somatic mesoderm lining the intra-embryonic coelom develop into?

A

Parietal pericaridum

Parietal pleura

Parietal peritoneum

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14
Q

What does the splachnic mesoderm lining the intra-embryonic coelom around the primitive gut tube develop into?

A

Visceral pericardium

Visceral pleura

Visceral peritoneum

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15
Q

What are the types of mesenteries in the embryo?

A

Dorsal mesentery

Ventral mesentery

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16
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery attach to?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

Entire length of primitive gut tube

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17
Q

How does the dorsal mesentery develop?

A

Primitive gut tube

pulls down on splanchnic mesoderm that wraps around it

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18
Q

What does the ventral mesentery attach to?

A

Anterior abdominal wall

Foregut part of primitive gut tube

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19
Q

What are the different parts of the peritoneal cavity in the foregut?

A

Right sac

Left sac

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20
Q

What are the different parts of the peritoneal cavity in the midgut and hindgut?

A

Left sac

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21
Q

Why does the forget have a right sac and left sac whereas the midgut and hindgut have only a left sac?

A

Because the foregut has a dorsal and ventral mesentery
divide the peritoneal cavity into two

But the midgut and hindgut only have a dorsal mesentery
entire peritoneal cavity is continuous

22
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery develop into?

A

Greater omentum

23
Q

What does the ventral mesentery develop into?

A

Lesser omentum

Falciform ligament

24
Q

What does the left sac of the peritoneal cavity develop into?

A

Greater sac

25
Q

What does the right sac of the peritonal cavity develop into?

A

Lesser sac

26
Q

Where does the dorsal mesentery move as it develops into the greater omentum?

A

Moves anteriorly around stomach

27
Q

Where does the right sac move to as it develops into the lesser sac?

A

Moves posteriorly to stomach

28
Q

Where does the ventral mesentery move as it develops into the lesser omentum?

A

Moves posteriorly around stomach

29
Q

What causes the right sac, dorsal and ventral mesenteries to move as they develop?

A

By rotation of the stomach

By growth of the liver

30
Q

How does the stomach rotate in the embryo?

A

Rotates clockwise along its long axis

31
Q

What does the foregut develop into?

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver, gall bladder
Pancreas
Duodenum - proximal to bile duct
32
Q

What is the blood supply of the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

33
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk arise?

A

Abdominal aorta

anteriorly

34
Q

What does the foregut extend from and to?

A

From the lung bud

to the liver bud

35
Q

What is the lung bud?

A

A pouch that forms off the anterior wall of the foregut

36
Q

What happens to the relationshop between the lung bud and the foregut?

A

They are completely separated

37
Q

How is the lung bud completely separated from the foregut?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal septum grows between the two

38
Q

What does the liver develop within?

A

Ventral mesentery

39
Q

What does the liver develop from?

A

Liver bud from foregut

Septum transversum

40
Q

How does the ventral mesentry develop into the lesser omentum?

A

As the liver grows within the ventral mesentery
the remainder of the ventral mesentery that connects the liver to the stomach
forms the lesser omentum

41
Q

How does the ventral mesentery develop into the falciform ligament?

A

As the liver grows within the ventral mesentery
the remainder of the ventral mesentery that connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
forms the falciform ligament

42
Q

Hows does the duodenum develop?

A

Rotation of stomach pushes it to the right

Rotation of stomach and growth of liver pushes it posteriorly

43
Q

What does the pancreas develop from?

A

Dorsal pancreatic bud off the foregut

Ventral pancreatic bud off the foregut

44
Q

What does the dorsal pancreatc bud develop into?

A

Superior head

Neck

Body

Tail

45
Q

What does the ventral pancreatic bud develop into?

A

Inferior head

46
Q

How does the inferior head of the pancreas join with the rest of the developing pancreas?

A

By rotation of the stomach

47
Q

What are the exceptions to the blood supply of the foregut? Why?

A

Duodenum

Pancreas head

because develop at junction between foregut and midgut

48
Q

What is the blood supply of the duodenum and pancreas head?

A

Coeliac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery

49
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta

50
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

Part of the liver that is not covered by peritoneum

51
Q

Why does the liver have a bare area?

A

Because part of it developed from the septum transversum

and remains in contact with the diaphragm

GI system (21 decks)

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