Jason Parkinson's disease lecture

Question 1

Increasing risk factors for PD

Answer 1

 Pesticides
 Metals
 Industrial Solvents 
 Head Injury
 Vibration?
 Obesity
 Depression

Question 2

Decreasing risk factors for PD

Answer 2

 Cigarette smoking
 Caffeine
 Estrogen?
 Anti-inflammatory medicines
 Mediterranean diet 
 Longer use of oral
contraceptives
 EXERCISE?

Question 3

Pathophysiology of PD

Answer 3

 Loss of DA in substantia nigra

 Production of Lewy bodies in SN

Question 4

4 cardinal signs of PD

Answer 4

bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability

Question 5

Bradykinesia

Answer 5

Slowness of movement
Poor speech, breath support, swallowing 
 Micrographia
Akinesia
Flexed posture

Question 6

Rigidity

Answer 6

Lead-pipe- constant resistance to passive movement
Cogwheel- combo of lead-pipe and tremor- catch and letting-go
Trunk- impairs breath support, phonation, fatigue

Question 7

Tremor

Answer 7

Can occur in extremities, face, postural mm

May begin unilateral and progress to all limbs and trunk- rarely affects ADLs

Question 8

Postural instability

Answer 8

Loss of extension
Decreased response to postural
instability/changes- fall risk
Visuospatial deficits, slow processing of sensory information
Mix ankle/hip strategies- abnormal proprioception/kinesthetic mvmt

Question 9

Other clinical features

Answer 9

 50%- intellectual/dementia changes-
bradyphrenia
 Depression, low motivation, anxiety
 Constipation, genitourinary problems
 Orthostasis
 Sleep, smell

Question 10

Medicine for PD

Answer 10

MAO Inhibitors, L-Dopa and Anticholinergics

Question 11

Benefits of Exercise for PD patients

Answer 11

 Increased Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)
 DecreasesDAuptake
 Improves utilization of available DA
 Enhances medication performance
 Cardiac function
 Depression, anxiety, cognition 
 Pain,strength,mobility

Question 12

PWR!Moves

Answer 12

 Amplitude-Focused approach
 High physical effort
 Cognitive/emotional engagement
 Attentional focus
 Four Foundational Movements to combat four primary deficits

Question 13

PWR!Moves stances

Answer 13

 Supine
 Prone
 Sitting
 Quadruped 
 Standing

Question 14

PWR!Moves and when to use

Answer 14

think about our functional tasks when we do these moves in these positions. Like why would you want to work on someone’s supine?