Cranial nerve dysfunction

Question 1

CN I (olfactory)

Answer 1

sensory. for smell

Question 2

CN II (optic)

Answer 2

sensory. For vision. afferents for pupillary and accommodation reflex

Question 3

pupillary reflex

Answer 3

the pupillary light reflex (PLR) is the constriction of the pupil that is elicited by an increase in illumination of the retina.

Question 4

Accommodation reflex

Answer 4

The accommodation reflex (or near response) is a three-part reflex that brings near objects into focus through lens thickening, pupillary constriction, and inward rotation of the eye

Question 5

CN III (oculomotor)

Answer 5

Motor and autonomic. moves eyes up, down, medially and raises upper eyelid. efferents for accommodation reflex, pupillary reflex and vestibuloocular reflex.
Constricts the pupils

Question 6

vestibulo-ocular reflex

Answer 6

The vestibulo-ocular reflex is a reflex acting to stabilize gaze during head movement, with eye movement due to activation of the vestibular system.

Question 7

CN IV (trochlear)

Answer 7

motor. moves eye medially and down. efferents for vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 8

CN V (trigeminal)

Answer 8

sensory and motor. Somatosensory for face. muscles of mastication. afferents for the corneal reflex

Question 9

Corneal reflex

Answer 9

The corneal reflex, also known as the blink reflex or eyelid reflex, is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea

Question 10

CN VI (abducens)

Answer 10

motor. moves eye laterally. efferents for vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 11

CN VII (facial)

Answer 11

motor, autonomic and sensory. tears and salvation, anterior 2/3 of tongue for taste, muscles of facial expression. efferents for corneal reflex

Question 12

CN VIII (vesibulocochlear)

Answer 12

sensory. hearing. sensation of head position relative to head movements. afferent for vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 13

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Answer 13

sensory, motor and autonomic. posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste. salvation. constricts pharynx. afferents for gag and swallowing reflex

Question 14

gag reflex

Answer 14

The gag reflex, also known as the pharyngeal reflex or laryngeal spasm, is a contraction of the back of the throat triggered by an object touching the roof of your mouth, the back of your tongue, the area around your tonsils, or the back of your throat.

Question 15

swallowing reflex

Answer 15

The swallowing reflex produces sequential activation of the tongue, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles to propel the food bolus from the oral cavity to the esophagus without aspiration of food into the airways

Question 16

CN X (vagus)

Answer 16

sensory, motor and autonomic. sensation from pharynx, larynx and external auditory meatus. regulates swallowing and efferents for swallowing and gag reflex. autonomics for heart.

Question 17

CN XI (accessory)

Answer 17

motor. elevates shoulder and turns head.

Question 18

CN XII (hypoglossal)

Answer 18

motor. moves tongue

Question 19

CN III innervates

Answer 19

levator palpebrae superioris, the superior rectus muscle, the inferior rectus muscle, the medial rectus muscle, the inferior oblique muscle

Question 20

CN IV innervates

Answer 20

superior oblique muscle

Question 21

CN VI innervates

Answer 21

lateral rectus muscle

Question 22

Consensual reflex

Answer 22

Constriction of the pupil in the other eye

Question 23

CN V innervates

Answer 23

temporalis, masseter and pterygoid muscles

Question 24

CN VII innervates

Answer 24

frontalis, orbicularis oculi, buccinator, orbicularis oris, platysma, the posterior belly of the digastric, and the stapedius muscle

Question 25

geniculate ganglion

Answer 25

The geniculate ganglion is a sensory ganglion of the facial nerve (CN VII). It contains the cell bodies of the fibers responsible for conducting taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Question 26

chorda tympani

Answer 26

nerve that supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue for taste

Question 27

greater Petrosal nerve

Answer 27

nerve that makes me cry lul

Question 28

corticobrainstem tract for upper face muscles

Answer 28

tracts provide bilateral signals to the region of the facial nucleus that innervates the muscles in the upper face.

both the right and left motor cortex send signals to the right facial nerve nucleus that activate the facial nerve to close the right eye.

Question 29

corticobrainstem tract for lower face muscles

Answer 29

Corticobrainstem tracts send contralateral signals to the region of the facial nucleus that innervates muscles of the lower face.

the left motor cortex sends signals to the right facial nerve nucleus, and the right facial nerve signals muscles that move the right side of the lips

Question 30

A corticobrainstem tract lesion affecting the L side of brain

Answer 30

Because the contralateral cortex controls the muscles of the lower face, the person is unable to generate a smile on the right side.
the upper face is innervated bilaterally, the person with this corticobrainstem tract lesion can close both eyes.

Question 31

Bells palsy

Answer 31

Difficulty with eye closure can damage cornea
Idiopathic or viral onset
May involve hearing: stapedius mm

Question 32

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 32

Conscious awareness of the intensity of sounds

Question 33

Auditory association cortex

Answer 33

Compares sounds with memories of other sounds, then categorizes the sounds as language, music, or noise

Question 34

Wernicke’s area

Answer 34

Comprehension of spoken language

Question 35

CN IX innervation

Answer 35

Stylopharyngeus muscle. the muscle that helps you gag lol

Question 36

CN X innervation

Answer 36

muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx which are associated with speech and swallowing

Question 37

CN XI innervation

Answer 37

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 38

Dysphagia

Answer 38

Dysphagia is difficulty with swallowing.
Frequent choking, lack of awareness of food in one side of the mouth, or food coming out of the nose may indicate dysfunctions of CNs 5, 7, 9, 10, or 12.

Question 39

Dysarthria

Answer 39

Dysarthria is poor control of the speech muscles.

Only vocal speech is affected; people with dysarthria can understand the spoken language and can write and read.

Question 40

Causes of dysarthria

Answer 40

Motor neuron involvement of CNs 5, 7, 10, or 12

Motor tract neuron lesions or muscle dysfunction

Question 41

what CNs make up the blink reflex?

Answer 41

CN V and CN VII. CN V for afferent part and CN VII for efferent part