Jasmine Elizalde-Chapter 4 Flashcards
The Crown v. Zenger (1735)
Legal case in the colony of New York that is considered a precursor for free press Provisions in the Constitution. The case did not set legal proceedings but did reflect a difference between British authorities and colonists with regard.
Civil Liberties
The personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, Constitution, or judicial interpretation.
Civil rights
The government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government or individuals.
Bill of rights
The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution, which largely guarantees specific rights and liberties.
Ninth amendment
Part of the bill of rights that makes it clear that and reading rights in the Constitution and Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist.
Tenth amendment
The final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.
Fourteenth amendment
One of three major amendments enacted after the civil war extending “equal protection of the law” to our citizens.
Due process clause
Class contained in the fifth and fourth amendment; over the years, it has been constructed to guarantee a variety of rights to individuals.
Substantive due process
Judicial interpretation of the fifth and fourteenth amendments due process clause. Protect citizens from arbitrary and unjust state or federal laws.
Sedition laws
Laws that make it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threaten to diminish respect for the government, it’s loss, or public officials. States addition laws were overturned as a result of the 1925 Gitlow supreme court decision. Laws that make it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threaten to diminish respect for the government, its laws, or public officials. States sedition laws were overturned as a result of the 1925 Gitlow Supreme Court decision.
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Supreme court case that extended the First Amendment’s protections of freedom of speech and the press to the state governments.
Incorporation doctrine
An interpretation of the Constitution holding that the due process clause of the Fourteenth amendment requires state and local governments to guarantee the right stated in the Bill of Rights.
Selective incorporation
A judicial doctoring whereby most, but not all, protection is found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth amendment.
Fundamental freedoms
Those rights defined by the court as essential to order, liberty, and justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review.
Warden court
The period in supreme court history during which Earl Warren served as chief justice (1953-1969), noted for his many rulings expanding civil liberties and civil rights.
Earl Warren
The fourteenth Chief Justice of the United States who served from 1953 to 1969 and led the Court through an important liberal phase; previously a Republican governor and vice presidential nominee.
First Amendment
Part of the Bill of Rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
Establishment clause
the first clause of the First Amendment; it directs the national government not to sanction an official religion.
Free exercise clause
the second clause of the First Amendment; it prohibits the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or her religion.
Lemon test
Three-part test created by the Supreme Court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues.
Prior restraint
constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact; generally held to be in violation of the First Amendment.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Laws passed in 1798 that allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous and criminalized false statements against the government.
Abolitionist
a supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of an end to the institution of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
Sixteenth President of the United States, the first elected Republican president, who served from 1861 - 1865. Lincoln, who led the Union during the Civil War, was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.