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History > Japan > Flashcards

Japan Flashcards

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1
Q

The military ruler who often governed in the name of the emperor known as

A

Daimyo

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2
Q

First Europeans to arrive were?

A

Portuguese

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3
Q

Tokugawa shogunate ruled in what city for more than 250 years?

A

Edo

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4
Q

Commodore Matthew perry arrived in Japan when?

A

8th July 1853

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5
Q

What US president wrote the letter for Japan to open us?

A

Millard Fillmore

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6
Q

What three main points in the letter from the US president?

A
  1. The US and Japan live in friendship and trade with one another
  2. Japan should provide American ships with coal and additional supplies on entering its ports
  3. Shipwrecked soldiers should be protected by local authority.
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7
Q

The treaty signed on the 31st of March 1854

A

The treaty of kanagawa

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8
Q

First American consul in Japan

A

Townsend Harris

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9
Q

Sonno joi

A

Honour the emperor and expel the barbarians

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10
Q

7 social classes

A

Emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai, peasants, artisans and crafts people, merchants and outcasts

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11
Q

Emperor

A

Centre of loyalty for all Japanese.

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12
Q

Shogun

A

The military ruler

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13
Q

Daimyo

A

Powerful feudal lords who controlled districts.

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14
Q

Samurai

A

Those who serve, professional warriors who’s task was to protect the emperor and daimyo

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15
Q

Peasants

A

Farmers who generally lived off the land. Majority of the population. Give part of their crop as tax.

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16
Q

Artisans and crafts people

A

Work was held at high regard, were sculptors, artists and pottery makers

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17
Q

Merchants

A

Disposed class. The wealthy class in the late Tokugawa period. Became money lenders and banks, married into highly respectful samurai families.

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18
Q

Outcasts

A

Beggars, excecutioners, people who don’t fit into the social classes.

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19
Q

The Takia reforms

A

Women were barred from becoming government officials, share of land was set at 2/3 of men, lost property rights. Interests should be her family, obey her parents, obey her husband and obey her sons.

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20
Q

What catholic missionaries arrived 16th century Japan

A

Francis savvier and the Jesuits

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21
Q

What year did Japan close off to the world

A

1634

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22
Q

Treaty of Kanagawa

A
  1. Maintain friendly, peaceful and permanent relations with the US
  2. Open two ports for trading
  3. Provide protection for ship wrecked sailors.
  4. Accept American consul
  5. Grant the US same privileges as other nations in future treaties.
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23
Q

The Meiji restoration

A

1868-1912

24
Q

What year did Meiji become emperor?

A

1867

25
Q

Meiji means?

A

Enlightened rule

26
Q

What clans were the main force of modernisation?

A

Satsuma, choshu, hizen and toza

27
Q

When was the charter oath issued?

A

April 1968

28
Q

What did Japanese leaders want to archive with modernisation?

A

Strongly militaries so it wasn’t at the mercy of western demands

29
Q

What was Marco Polo name for Japan?

A

Zipangu

30
Q

Oda Nobunaga thoughts on religion?

A

Hostile towards Buddhism and supported Christianity

31
Q

Tokugawa Era

A

1600-1867

32
Q

The Tokugawa period brought a large measure of?

A

Social, economical and political stability

33
Q

Downfall of Tokugawa shogunate?

A

The arrival of the US blacks ships

34
Q

The Tokugawa edict

A
  1. No Japanese may leave for foreign countries.
  2. No Japanese may go aboard secretly. If anyone tries, they will be killed.
  3. Anyone living aboard and tries to return to Japan will be put to death.
  4. If any Christians, investigation will be held.
35
Q

Shimbara rebellion

A

The revolt of Christian peasants hoping to over throw the rules of the Tokugawa rule.

36
Q

The first and second arrival of commodore Matthew perry

A

First 8th July 1853.

Second February 1854.

37
Q

President Millard Fillmores letter.

A

(Although polite contained a vile threat).

US and Japan should live in friendship and trade.
Japan should provide American ships with coal and supplies when entering ports.
Shipwrecked American sailors should be protected by local authority.

38
Q

Japan’s reply to president Millard Fillmores letter.

A

Japan was led by Tokugawa Ieyoshi. Facing a real big dilemma. If he refused the letter, war would be declared on Japan. If he accepted, civilians would be outraged and revolt by the foreign influence, especially having a 250 year period of peace.

39
Q

4 clans that over threw the Tokugawa shogunate

A

Choshu, satsuma, hizen and tosa

40
Q

The treaty of Edo

A

Allowed trading in two of Japan’s ports signed in July 1858

41
Q

Unequal treaties

A

After Japan’s opening up, it’s government face forced to sign treaties with other nations that only benefitted their privileges and did not return Japan’s interest.

42
Q

Shi Shi

A

Men of determination

43
Q

Year Mutsuhito became emperor

A

1867

44
Q

Meiji restoration marked the?

A

Beginning of modernisation.

45
Q

Japan’s first constitution

A

Drawn up in June 1868. Created to bring the carter oath into effect and to show of Japan’s governments power.

46
Q

Before modernisation Japan relied on what as income?

A

Agriculture such as cotton and silk. 65% of national income.

47
Q

To become a Rich country and strong military, Japan needed to?

A

Develop strategic industries

48
Q

Early financial problems?

A

Money was spent defeating clans rebelling. The expenditure was30 million yen per year while revenue was 3 million.

49
Q

What unit of currency was adopted? In what year?

A

Yen. 1871

50
Q

What banking system was adopted?

A

American

51
Q

New land tax

A

1873, farmers pains 3% land tax as revenue, a heavy burden on farmers.

52
Q

Modern communications

A

Telegraph and railways lines built

53
Q

What did the government do in order to economic growth?

A

Sell industries cheap

54
Q

What happened to the class structure?

A

Daimyo and court officials became nobles. Samurai as land owners or soldiers. All other were commoners.

55
Q

What did the government ban in 1872

A

Samurai of wearing two swords in public

56
Q

What was promoted in Japan’s society?

A

Adoption of western hairstyles, abolish top nots, meat eating, beer and dairy products consumed, ball room dancing, western art and music, western literature, educates such as sitting on high tables and chairs.

57
Q

Receipt on education

A

Education to all people regardless of social class4 years of compulsory school. Taught people to be loyal to their emperor.

History (11 decks)

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