Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb Ch12 Flashcards
what name did Prince Salim choose and what did it mean
Jahangir - world conqueror
how was the first half of Jahangir’s reign spent
rebellion of his eldest son, Khusrau (who was later blinded and imprisoned)
two rajput regions Jahangir conquered
Mewar ( rana amar singh - son of Rana Pratap singh, whose son Karna was enlisted in Mughal military)
Kangra (1615 - after defeating the Raja of Kangra and laying for 14 months)
what happened to Ahmednagar in Jahangir’s deccan conquests (4)
- Malik Amber recovered all deccan territories
- jahangir sent his son, Khurram, to Ahmednagar
- fort was recaptured but the war continued’
- Ahmednagar once again asserted its independence from Mughal Empire
loss of Kandahar (3)
- lost in Jahangir’s reign
- lost to Shah of Persia in 1622
- big blow to mughal might
Who did Jahangir marry, when and what did he call her
Mehrunissa
1611
Nur Jahan - meaning Light of the World
how was jahangir’s devotion to mehrunissa immortalised
in the form of gold coins or mohurs
who were and what happened to the three people related to Nur Jahan
Itimad - al - daulah (father)
Asaf Khan (brother)
Elevated to high administrative posts
Mumtaz Mahal (niece) - married to Khurram
What happened in 1627 (3)
- Jahangir’s death
- Power struggle between Nur Jahan and Shah Jahan
- Shah Jahan won and was declared emperor
who came from the british as a representative from EIC in 1608
Captain William Hawkins
who secured trading rights in Jahangir’s court and when
Sir thomas roe (1615)
what did jahangir do to the EIC (2)
- granted trade concessions in a bid to overpower the Portuguese
- Gave EIC trading rights in Surat and Baruch
golden period of Mughal history
Shah Jahan’s reign
2 main points on Shah Jahan’s reign
- glorious period with the accumulation of wealth and architectural masterpieces
- construction + war expenses led to drainage of the mughal treasury
what was used in most of Shah Jahan’s builds
Marble
`4 things built by Shah Jahan
Taj Mahal
Red Fort
Jama Masjid
Moti Masjid
6 points on Taj Mahal
- built in memory of his wife (Mumtaz Mahal)
- perfect symmetry
- pure marble and semi - precious stones
- octagonal monument with huge domes
- four minarets
- set in a huge garden overlooking R. Yamuna
what was the capital in Shah Jahan’s reign and when was it founded
Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi)
1639
6 points on Red Fort
- where the emperor lived
- huge complex with two gateways
- several bastions
- houses the Diwan-I-Aam and the Diwan-I-Khas
- Diwan I Khas has silver ceiling and was decorated with gold and semi precious stones
- Diwan I Aam had the peacock throne (golden throne, 12 pillars, canopy and peacocks with studded gems)
who stole the peacock throne and when
Nadir Shah of Persia took it in 1739
5 points on Jama Masjid
largest building of its kind in India
built in sandstone and white marble
rests on raised platform
surrounded by open arcades
3 white domes above
open prayer hall built in white marble decorated with black marble calligraphy
Moti Masjid
Shah Jahan’s sons
Dara, Shuja, Aurangzeb, Murad
(aurangzeb killed them and imprisoned his father in Red Fort)
what did Aurangzeb name himself
Alamgir (conqueror of the world)
expanse of Aurangzeb’s empire
N - Kashmir
S - Karnataka
E - Chittagong
W - HIndu Kush
two categories of Aurangzeb’s reign
1658 - 1680: defends the north from persians, turks, and central asians
1680 - 1707: deccan and south india + maratha conquests
two reasons for people revolting
- rebellions and aggressive outbursts
- re-imposed jizya and pilgrim tax
who all questioned Aurangzeb’s authority
- Ahom rulers in Assam
- Jats in central region
- Bundelas of Bundelkhand
- Afghan tribesmen
- Satnamis
- Sikhs, Marathas, Rajputs
when did Aurangzeb turn his attention to Bijapur and Golconda
following the death of Shivaji in 1680
how’d the deccan campaigns go for Aurangzeb (5)
- sent his son Muhammad Azam Shah to capture Bijapur
- intervened himself and captured Bijapur in 1686
- after 8 month long siege, he captured Golconda
- received considerable treasure + lots of land
- Marathas were still a challenge
6 points on the Maratha War
- in 1689, Sambhaji was captured and killed
- Aurangzeb captured Maratha capital and imprisoned Sambhaji’s family
- 1690, it seemed as though Aurangzeb had succeeded in fulfilling his desires of conquering the deccan
- Rajaram and Tarabai continued to harass him
- next 18 years were plagued by attacks of the able Marathas
- Aurangzeb died a defeated man in 1707 in Ahmadnagar
what happened due to the constant battles of Aurangzeb with the Marathas (4)
- mughal treasury was drained and economy of Deccan was ruined
- absence of the emperor in the capital led to maladministration, corruption, disorder and lawlessness in North India
- Jats and Sikhs gained power, influence and strength in North India
- mughal nobles in north and mughal soldiers began to rebel
what did Aurangzeb build (3)
- Bibi Ka Maqbara
- Mosque in Banaras
- Mosque in Srinagar
when did the mughal empire start to disintegrate
beginning of 18th century
