Early Mughals and Sher Shah Suri Flashcards
when was the first battle of Panipat
21st April 1526
First Battle of Panipat (4)
- forces of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi met at Panipat, New Delhi
- babur’s weapons and arms were far superior to those of Lodi’s forces because gunpowder
- even though babur defeated the last delhi sultan, he still had to keep fighting with rajput forces
Babur’s first few conquests
- Samarkand
- Kabul (1504)
( was the ruler of Farghana but lost it alongside Samarkand)
why did Babur invade India?
- he was attracted to its wealth and riches
- invitation from Daulat Khan to attack Ibrahim Lodi
- Relationship between Daulat Khan and Lodi was strained which was an advantage for Babur
What two Rajput kings did babur defeat in battle
Rana Sanga - Rajputs of Mewar (Khanwa) - 1527
Medini Rai - Rajputs of Chanderi - 1528
(2) explain babur’s battle against the Afghans
afghans of Bihar and Bengal were defeated by Babur
Battle of Ghagra - 1529
Extent of Babur’s empire
North - Himalyas
East - Bihar
West - Kabul,
South - Gwalior
Central - Punjab and Delhi
Babur - First Mughal Emperor (6)
- orthodox sunni muslim
- loved architecture and music
- the chronicles of his life are written in the Tuzuk - I - Baburi (later translated into persian as the Baburnama)
- also a poet who wielded aesthetic appreciation
- planted gardens in Agra cuz he luv nature
- buried in garden in Kabul with cool flowing water and his favourite flowers
who were the two main threats of Humayun
Sher Khan Suri/ Sher Shah Suri
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
(+ his brothers)
Explain what happened with Bahadur Shah and Humayun (4)
- humayun fought with Bahadur Shah and captured Gujarat and Malwa
- Humayun had left Guj. and Mal. to his brothers and marched toward Bengal to fight Sher Khan
- Bahadur Shah came back and took over Guj. and Mal.
- when Bahadur Shah died in 1537, Sher Khan became Humayun’s only threat
the two battles of Humayun and Sher Khan
Battle of Chausa (1539) - Sher won because Humayun was caught off guard
Battle of Kannauj (1540) - Sher Khan won again and Humayun went into exile foor 15 years
the two disloyal brothers of humayun
Hindal - emperor of agra
Kamran - kabul and kandahar
what 3 things happened in and after Humayun’s exile
- (1544) Shah of Persia allowed Humayun into his court
- (1550) Humayun re-captured Kabul and Kandahar from his brother Kamran
- (1555) Humayun took over Lahore and then he re-covered Delhi and Agra (re-establishing mughal rule in india)
when did Sher Shah Suri die
1545
what is Humayun’s biography and who wrote it
Humayun Nama
Gulbadan Begum (his sister)
What is sher shah suri’s territory often referred to?
Sur Empire/ Second Afghan Empire
What three things helped Sher Shah conquer his lands?
- he was in babur’s army, so he learnt the techniques of Mughal warfare well
- He controlled Bengal and Bihar after defeating Khizr Khan
- He won the Battles of Chausa and Kannauj against Humayun and controlled Agra, Delhi, Lahore
How did sher shah die? (2)
In an explosion at Kalinjar Fort in 1545
Buried in Sasaram in Bihar
the 6 departments under Sher Shah’s central administration
Diwan - I - Wizarat (finance)
Diwan - I - Arz (recruitment and discipline of soldiers and officers)
Diwan - I - Rasalat (foreign affairs)
Diwan - I - Insha (internal affairs - matters of the state)
Diwan - I - Qaza (Administration)
Diwan - I - Barid (Intelligence and spy system)
How many sarkars were there in the Sur Empire? Who were the leaders
47 sarkars/shiq/provinces
lead by afghan chiefs/ Shiq-I-Shiqdaran
Which officials handled parganas in Sur Empire (4+1)
Shiqdar-I-Shiqdaran : head
Karkuns: assisters of Shiqdars- I - Shiqdaran
Munsif - I - Munsifan: revenue collection
Qunungo : maintained records
Fotadar: treasurer of the pargana
Who headed the villages in Sur Empire? (4)
Muqaddam - village head
Shiqdar - responsible for law and order
Patwari - record keeper
Panchayats (village elders)
5 Points on Sur Empire’s Judicial Adminstration
- all men are equal in the eyes of the law
- severe punishments with harsh laws
- civil cases tried by the Qazi
- criminal cases taken to the Shiqdar
- Muqaddam was responsible for detecting crimes and brining criminals to justice
Military reforms of Sur Empire (4)
- recruited soldiers directly
- paid soldiers in cash keeping with their abilities and skills
- revived Khilji’s system of chehra and dagh
- divided his army into many units led by faujdars
Sher Shah Suri’s two greatest contributions
Grand Trunk Road
Revenue System
why did Sher Shah need a good network of roads (3)
- facilitate quick movement of troops and equipment
- help in trade and commerce
- easy travel
from where to where did the Grand Trunk Road stretch
Sonargoan - Peshawar
what 3 things did Suri build on important roads for benefit of the people
Sarais (rest houses)
Dakchaukis (post offices)
Planted trees along the sides
4 points related to Trade and Commerce in Sur empire
- king introduced new weights and measures that followed a uniform standard
- two duties were levied on good: one when it was brought into kingdom and one when it was sold
- issued new gold, silver and copper coins following a uniform standard
- rupia (his silver coin) remained standard even years after his death
6 points of the measures of Sher Shah Suri’s revenue system
- land was assessed and measured every year
- land was classified into three categories on the basis of fertility (good, bad, middling)
- land revenue was fixed at 1/3 of the produce to be paid in cash or kind
- land assessment was meant to be lenient
- during war or natural calamities, txs were reduced and loans were given
- intro of Patta and Qubuilliyat
Patta
written document which mentioned the amount or rate of revenue demanded
Qubuilliyat
written document issued by peasants accepting the mutually decided upon obligation
will i win?
YES I AM ONE OF THE GODDAMN BEST AINT NO ONE GON PROVE ME LESS
