Ch.5 The Turkish Invasions and Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate Flashcards
When did Mahmud Ghazni succeed his father?
Age 27, 998 CE
How many times did Mahmud invade India?
17 times (1001-1025)
What was Ghazni’s main motive?
to amass wealth and collect money for his ambitious aims
How was the environment of past India conducive to Ghazni’s invasions?
- northern india comprised of small independent kingdoms
- lacked central authority
- occupied in petty rivalries, they didn’t see Ghazni coming
Explain Ghazni’s war against Jaipal
- mahmud attacked territory of Punjab and annexed it
- Jaipal was forced to pay tribute
- Punjab to present day Afghanistan was Ghazni territory
- Jaipal killed himself due to humiliation
Explain Ghazni’s encounters with Anandpal
- Anandpal was Jaipal’s son
- he teamed up with rulers of some western and central states of India
- united effort to defeat Mahmud
- Anand pal and his allies were defeated
Explain the infamous Ghazni Somnath Plunder
- mahmud attacked Shiva temple at Somnath, Kathiawar
- rich and sacred hindu temple
- located on Gujrat coast, easy target for Ghazni
- Indian resistance fought bravely but Ghazni got away with loot regardless
Consequences of Ghazni’s invasions and looting
- expanded territory in Central Asia
- his capital was decorated with magnificent mosques, libraries, and museums decorated with loot from india
The poet and historian/mathematician in Mahmud’s court
Firdausi
Al Beruni (respectively)
When did Muhammad Ghori attack Ghazni
1173 CE
Why did Ghori turn his eyes towards India?
- because of heavy taxes imposed on the masses, ghori needed other sources of revenue
- india was still stinking rich
What were the 5 rajput dynasties
Rathores
Chauhans
Solankis
Paramaras
Chandellas
Who was Prithviraj Chauhan
- last ruler of Chauhan dynasty
- king of ajmer
- skilled archer and military leader
What happened in the First Battle of Tarain?
- prithviraj’s army easily defeated Ghori’s army
- Ghori vowed vengeance
What happened after the First Battle of Tarain?
- rajputs revelled in their victory and neglected defence of frontiers
- Muhammad prepared his forces for a stronger attack
- Prithviraj allied with his rajput brothers again
Which king refused to join forces with Prithviraj Chauhan?
Jaichandra of Kannauj
What all territories were added to Muhammad’s empire in 1194 CE?
- captured Kannauj
- captured Bundelkhand and anhilwara
- captured Mathura, Gwalior, Malwa, Bihar and Bengal
What happened in the Second Battle of Tarain?
(1192) Rajputs were defeated and everyone was killed
- end of rajput power
- delhi kept being passed into the hands of Muslim Invaders until 1858 CE
What two slaves turned generals were left as viceroys after Ghori’s death?
Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji
Qutubuddin Aibak (who was the first kind of Mamluk dynasty)
What dynasties are collectively known as the Delhi Sultans?
Mamluk
Khilji
Tughlaq
Sayyid
Lodi
Which ruler was also known and Lakhbaksh and why?
Qutubuddin Aibak
Because he was generous and benevolent and looked after the welfare of his people
Why did Aibak’s son not take the throne?
- Aram Shah was supposed to ascend the throne but was an incapable leader
- hence, Iltutmish was invited to Delhi
- Iltutmish met Aram Shah in battle and won!
What are the eight significant things that Shamsuddin Iltutmish is known for?
- destroyed external rivals from Ghazni and Multan
- launched campaign against Rajputs and capturd Ranthambore
- Denied Shah of Persia refuge and saved India from the threat of Mongol Invasion
- got conferred with a mandate of authority
- issued silver coin called tanka
- initiated iqta system for revenue collection
- completed construction of Qutub Minar
- consolidated indian territories into one empire
Why was Rukhuddin Feroz Shah an incapable leader? (3)
- he only ruled for 7 months
- spent most of his time is pleasure and enjoyment
- the people of delhi replaced him with Raziya
What 5 things is Raziya Sultan known for?
- was a courageous and capable ruler
- did not like the term Sultana because it meant wife of a sultan
- appointed a slave (Malik Yakut) as master of horses
- married governor of Bhatinda, Malik Altunia
- both were killed in 1240 CE
After the death of Raziya Sultan, to whom did the rulership move to?
- first to her brother Behram Shah
- second to Masud Shah
- then to Nasiruddin Mahmud (who proved incapable of leading)
- finally, to Ghiyasuddin Balban (last ruler of Mamluk dynasty)
What 5 significant things is Ghiyasuddin Balban known for?
- He stopped the revolts of the Turkish nobles and sent them to the north-west frontier
- he defeated the rajput chiefs and suppressed the revolting Tughril Khan
- He sent reinforcements to the north-western front and suppressed the attempts of a mongol invasion
- kept a constant check on his nobility and set up an elaborate spy system
- he formulated the Theory of Kingship
After Balban, to whom did the throne pass?
His grandson, Muhammad Qaiqabad
When did the Mamluk Dynasty finally end?
1290, after the murder of Muhammad Qaiaqbad
